ืืก”ื
PHARAOHโS COMMAND TO THE HEBREW MIDWIVES
- Exodus 1:15-17
| And the king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives, one of whose names was Shifra and one whose name was Puโah, and he said, โwhen you birth the Hebrew women, and you see, while they are on the birthstool, that the infant is a son, you must kill him; and if it is a daughter, she may liveโ. And the midwives feared G-d and did not do as the king of Egypt said; rather, they allowed the boys to live. | ืึทืึนึผึืืึถืจึ ืึถึฃืึถืึฐ ืึดืฆึฐืจึทึืึดื ืึทึฝืึฐืึทืึฐึผืึนึืช ืึธึฝืขึดืึฐืจึดืึนึผึืช ืึฒืฉึถืึจืจ ืฉึตืึคื ืึธึฝืึทืึทืชึ ืฉึดืืคึฐืจึธึื ืึฐืฉึตืึฅื ืึทืฉึตึผืื ึดึืืช ืคึผืึผืขึธึฝืื ืึทืึนึผึืืึถืจ ืึฐึผืึทืึถึผืึฐืึถืึ ืึถืชึพืึธึฝืขึดืึฐืจึดืึผึืึนืช ืึผืจึฐืึดืืชึถึื ืขึทืึพืึธืืืึฐื ึธึืึดื ืึดืึพืึตึผึฅื ืืึผืึ ืึทืึฒืึดืชึถึผึฃื ืึนืชึืึน ืึฐืึดืึพืึทึผึฅืช ืึดึืื ืึธืึธึฝืึธืื ืึทืชึดึผืืจึถึคืืึธ ืึทึฝืึฐืึทืึฐึผืึนืชึ ืึถืชึพืึธึฃืึฑืึนืงืื ืึฐืึนึฃื ืขึธืฉืึืึผ ืึทึผืึฒืฉึถืึืจ ืึดึผืึถึผึฅืจ ืึฒืึตืืึถึื ืึถึฃืึถืึฐ ืึดืฆึฐืจึธึืึดื ืึทืชึฐึผืึทืึถึผึืืึธ ืึถืชึพืึทืึฐืึธืึดึฝืืื |
2. Pharaoh’s abortion scheme
| โIf it is a son, you will kill him; and if it is a daughter, she may liveโ. Rabbi Chanina said: Pharaoh gave a sign to them: a male is born face-down; a female is born face-up. | ืึดื ืึตึผื ืืึผื ืึทืึฒืึดืชึถึผื ืืึนืชืึน ืึธืึทืจ ืจึทืึดึผื ืึฒื ึดืื ึธื ืกึดืืึธื ืึธึผืืึนื ืึธืกึทืจ ืึธืึถื ืึตึผื ืคึธึผื ึธืื ืึฐืึทืึธึผื ืึทึผืช ืคึธึผื ึถืืึธ ืึฐืึทืขึฐืึธื |
THE TORAHโS PROHIBITION ON ABORTION FOR NOAHIDES
3. Genesis 9:6
| One who spills the blood of a man, through man shall his blood be spilled, for in the image of G-d did He make man. | ืฉึนืืคึตืึฐึ ืึทึผึฃื ืึธึฝืึธืึธึื ืึธึผึฝืึธืึธึื ืึธึผืึฃืึน ืึดืฉึธึผืืคึตึืึฐ ืึดึผึื ืึฐึผืฆึถึฃืึถื ืึฑืึนืงืื ืขึธืฉึธืึื ืึถืชึพืึธืึธืึธึฝืื |
FETICIDE: PROHIBITION AND PUNISHMENT
4. Sanhedrin 57b
| They said in the name of Rabbi Yishmael: [a Ben Noach is liable to the death penalty] even for the killing of fetuses. What is the reasoning of Rabbi Yishmael? The verse states: [one who] spills the blood of man within man, his blood shall be spilled. What type of โmanโ is โwithin manโ? We must say that this refers to a fetus in the womb of its mother. | ืืฉืื ืจืื ืืฉืืขืื ืืืจื ืืฃ ืขื ืืขืืืจืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืืจืื ืืฉืืขืื ืืืชืื (ืืจืืฉืืช ื,ื) ืฉืืคื ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืฉืคื ืืืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืื ืขืืืจ ืฉืืืขื ืืื |
DISTINCTION BETWEEN BโNEI NOACH AND BโNEI YISRAEL WITH REGARD TO KILLING A FETUS
5. Maimonides, Laws of Kings and Wars 9:4
| A Ben Noach who kills any soul, even that of a fetus in its motherโs womb, is punished by deathโฆ This does not apply to a Jew. | ืึถึผื ื ึนืึท ืฉึถืืึธืจึทื ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืึฒืคึดืึผืึผ ืขืืึธึผืจ ืึดึผืึฐืขึตื ืึดืึผืึน ื ึถืึฑืจึธื ืขึธืึธืื. ืึฐืึตื ืึดื ืึธืจึทื ืึฐืจึตืคึธื ืืึน ืฉึถืืึฐึผืคึธืชืึน ืึผื ึฐืชึธื ืึน ืึดืคึฐื ึตื ืึฒืจึดื ืืึน ืฉึถืืึดื ึดึผืืืึน ืึธึผืจึธืขึธื ืขึทื ืฉึถืืึตึผืช. ืืึนืึดืื ืึฐืึตืึดืืช ืึดืึธึผื ืึธืงืึนื ื ึถืึฑืจึธื. ืึฐืึตื ืึดื ืึธืจึทื ืจืึนืึตืฃ ืฉึถืืึธึผืืึนื ืึฐืึทืฆึดึผืืืึน ืึฐึผืึถืึธื ืึตืึตืืึธืจึธืื ื ึถืึฑืจึธื ืขึธืึธืื. ืึทื ืฉึถึผืืึตืื ืึตึผื ืึฐึผืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื: |
Punishment for Feticide for Jews
6. Exodus 21:22-3
| And if men fight and they shove a pregnant woman, and she miscarries, and there is no other damage, he shall be punished (fined) to the extent that the womanโs husband can exact from him before the court. | (ืื) ืึฐืึดึฝืึพืึดื ึธึผืฆึฃืึผ ืึฒื ึธืฉึดืึืื ืึฐื ึธึจืึฐืคึืึผ ืึดืฉึธึผืึคื ืึธืจึธืึ ืึฐืึธืฆึฐืึฃืึผ ืึฐืึธืึถึืืึธ ืึฐืึนึฅื ืึดืึฐืึถึื ืึธืกึืึนื ืขึธื ึฃืึนืฉื ืึตืขึธื ึตึืฉื ืึทึผึฝืึฒืฉึถืึจืจ ืึธืฉึดืึคืืช ืขึธืึธืืึ ืึทึผึฃืขึทื ืึธึฝืึดืฉึธึผืึื ืึฐื ึธืชึทึื ืึดึผืคึฐืึดืึดึฝืืื (ืื) ืึฐืึดืึพืึธืกึืึนื ืึดืึฐืึถึื ืึฐื ึธืชึทืชึธึผึฅื ื ึถึืคึถืฉื ืชึทึผึฅืึทืช ื ึธึฝืคึถืฉืื |
7. BT Sanhedrin 59a
| [If a law was] given to Bโnei Noach and was not repeated at Sinai, it was given to Israel and not to Bโnei Noach. On the contrary, if it was not repeated at Sinai, [it should be that] it was given to the Bโnei Noach and not to Israel! There is nothing that is permitted to Jews and forbidden to non-Jews. | ืืื ื ื ื ืืื ื ืฉื ืืช ืืกืื ื ืืืฉืจืื ื ืืืจื ืืื ืืื ื ื ื: ืืืจืื ืืืื ื ืืฉื ืืช ืืกืื ื ืืื ื ื ื ื ืืืจื ืืื ืืืฉืจืื ืืืื ืืืืขื ืืืืฉืจืื ืฉืจื ืืืขืืื ืืืืืื ืืกืืจ |
WHEN IS ABORTION PERMITTED?
8. Mishna, Ohalot 7:6
| A woman who is having trouble giving birth, they cut up the child in her womb and remove it limb by limb, because her life takes priority over the childโs. If most of the childโs body has already emerged, they may not touch him, because we do not set aside one life for another. | ืึธืึดืฉึธึผืื ืฉึถืืึดืื ืึทืงึฐืฉึธืื ืึตืืึตื, ืึฐืึทืชึฐึผืึดืื ืึถืช ืึทืึธึผืึธื ืึฐึผืึตืขึถืืึธ ืึผืืึนืฆึดืืึดืื ืืึนืชืึน ืึตืึธืจึดืื ืึตืึธืจึดืื, ืึดืคึฐึผื ึตื ืฉึถืืึทืึถึผืืึธ ืงืึนืึฐืึดืื ืึฐืึทืึธึผืื. ืึธืฆึธื ืจึปืึผืึน, ืึตืื ื ืึนืึฐืขึดืื ืึผืึน, ืฉึถืืึตืื ืึผืึนืึดืื ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืึดืคึฐึผื ึตื ื ึธืคึถืฉื: |
9. Tosefot, Sanhedrin 59a
| There is nothing that is permitted to a Jew, etc.: Regarding fetuses, where non-Jews are liable to capital punishment and Jews are exempt from capital punishment, despite the exemption, the act itself is not permitted [either for a Jew or Non-Jew]. Opinion 1: However, there is a difficulty: the Sages have stated (Sanhedrin 72b), if the infant crowns, we may not touch it, because we may not endanger one life to save another. But before the head emerges, a midwife may reach in, cut the infant to pieces, and remove them in order to save the life of the mother. However, this would be forbidden to non-Jews, because of the stringency of feticide as it applies to them. Opinion 2: But there are those who say that the difference is not due to the differences in stringency, but because it is obligatory upon Jews to take the life of the fetus to save the life of the mother [while this is not obligatory upon non-Jews], and that it is possible that [while not obligatory] it is nonetheless permitted. | ืืืื ืืืืขื ืืืืฉืจืื ืฉืจื ืืืืจ ืืื’ ืืขื ืืขืืืจืื ืืขืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืืฉืจืื ืคืืืจ ืืข”ื ืืคืืืจ ื”ื ืื ืฉืจื ืืืื ืงืฉื ืืืืจืื ื ืืคืจืง ืื ืกืืจืจ ืืืืจื (ืืงืื ืืฃ ืขื:) ืืฆื ืจืืฉื ืืื ื ืืืขืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืื ื ืคืฉ ืืคื ื ื ืคืฉ ืืื ืงืืื ืฉืืฆื ืจืืฉื ืืื’ ืคืืฉืืช ืืื ืืืชืืชื ืืืืจืื ืืืืฆืืื ืืื ืืืฆืื ืืช ืืื ืืื”ื ืืขืืื ืืืืืื ืืกืืจ ืืืื ืฉืืืืืจื ืขื ืืขืืืจืื ืื”ื ืืื ื ืื ืืืฉืจืื ืืฆืื ืืื ืืืฆืื ืืืคืฉืจ ืืืคืืื ืืขืืื ืืืืืื ืฉืจื: |
THE MITZVAH OF PIKUACH NEFESH
10. Leviticus 18:5
| And you shall guard My statutes and My judgements by which a person will do them and live, I am the L-rd. | ืึผืฉึฐืืึทืจึฐืชึถึผึคื ืึถืชึพืึปืงึนึผืชึทืึ ืึฐืึถืชึพืึดืฉึฐืืคึธึผืึทึื ืึฒืฉึถืึจืจ ืึทืขึฒืฉึถืึฅื ืึนืชึธึื ืึธืึธืึธึื ืึธืึทึฃื ืึธึผืึถึื ืึฒื ึดึื ื’ื |
11. BT Yoma 85b
| Rabbi Shimon Ben Menassiah says, โโAnd the Children of Israel shall guard My sabbathโ. The Torah says, โdesecrate one sabbath for him so that he will keep many sabbathsโ.โ Rav Yehuda says in the name of Shmuel, โI have a better proof: it says, โand live by themโโand not die by themโ. | ืจึทืึดึผื ืฉึดืืึฐืขืึนื ืึถึผื ืึฐื ึทืกึฐืึธื ืืึนืึตืจ: ืดืึฐืฉึธืืึฐืจืึผ ืึฐื ึตื ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื ืึถืช ืึทืฉึทึผืืึธึผืชืด, ืึธืึฐืจึธื ืชึผืึนืจึธื: ืึทืึตึผื ืขึธืึธืื ืฉึทืืึธึผืช ืึทืึทืช ืึฐึผืึตื ืฉึถืืึดึผืฉึฐืืืึนืจ ืฉึทืืึธึผืชืึนืช ืึทืจึฐืึตึผื. ืึธืึทืจ ืจึทื ืึฐืืึผืึธื ืึธืึทืจ ืฉึฐืืืึผืึตื: ืึดื ืึฒืึทืื ืึธืชึธื, ืึฒืึธื ืึธืึตืื ึธื ืึดึผืืึดื ืขึฒืึดืืคึธื ืึดืึดึผืืึฐืืึผ: ืดืึฐืึทื ืึธึผืึถืืด โ ืึฐืึนื ืฉึถืืึธึผืืึผืช ืึธึผืึถื. |
12. Maimonides, Foundations of the Torah 5:1
| The entire House of Israel is commanded concerning kiddush Hashem, the sanctification of His Great Name, as the verse says (Leviticus 22:32), โI shall be sanctified amongst the Children of Israelโ; they are also warned against desecrating it, as the verse [also] says, โand do not desecrate My Holy Nameโ. How does this work? If a Gentile rises up and forces a Jew to either violate even one of the commandments written in the Torah or be killed, he must violate the commandment and not allow himself to be killed, as the verse states, concerning the observance of mitzvot (Leviticus 18:5), โโฆas a person will perform the commandments and live by themโโโand not die by themโ (Yoma 85b). And if he allows himself to die rather than transgress, he is liable for his own death. | ืึธึผื ืึตึผืืช ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื ืึฐืฆึปืึดึผืื ืขึทื ืงึดืึผืึผืฉื ืึทืฉึตึผืื ืึทืึธึผืืึนื ืึทืึถึผื ืฉึถืื ึถึผืึฑืึทืจ )ืืืงืจื ืื ืื) “ืึฐื ึดืงึฐืึทึผืฉึฐืืชึดึผื ืึฐึผืชืึนืึฐ ืึฐึผื ึตื ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื”. ืึผืึปืึฐืึธืจึดืื ืฉึถืืึนึผื ืึฐืึทืึฐึผืืึน ืฉึถืื ึถึผืึฑืึทืจ (ืืืงืจื ืื ืื)”ืึฐืึนื ืชึฐืึทืึฐึผืืึผ ืึถืช ืฉึตืื ืงึธืึฐืฉึดืื”. ืึตึผืืฆึทื. ืึฐึผืฉึถืืึทึผืขึฒืึนื ืขืึนืึตื ืึผืึนืึธืึดืื ืึฐืึถืึฑื ึนืก ืึถืช ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื ืึทืขึฒืึนืจ ืขึทื ืึทืึทืช ืึดืึธึผื ืึดืฆึฐืึนืช ืึธืึฒืืึผืจืึนืช ืึทึผืชึผืึนืจึธื ืืึน ืึทืึทืจึฐืึถึผื ึผืึผ ืึทืขึฒืึนืจ ืึฐืึทื ืึตืึธืจึตื ืฉึถืื ึถึผืึฑืึทืจ ืึทึผืึดึผืฆึฐืึนืช (ืืืงืจื ืื ื) “ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืึทืขึฒืฉึถืื ืืึนืชึธื ืึธืึธืึธื ืึธืึทื ืึธึผืึถื”. ืึธืึทื ืึธึผืึถื ืึฐืึนื ืฉึถืืึธึผืืึผืช ืึธึผืึถื. ืึฐืึดื ืึตืช ืึฐืึนื ืขึธืึทืจ ืึฒืจึตื ืึถื ืึดืชึฐืึทืึตึผื ืึฐึผื ึทืคึฐืฉืืึน: |
MURDER
13. BT Sanhedrin 74b
| From where do we derive the law that one must allow oneself to be killed rather than murder another person? It is simple logic, as we see in the case of the person who came before Rabba and said to him, โMari Dorai told me, โkill so-and-so, or I will kill you!โโ. Rabba said to him, โlet yourself be killed and do not kill. Who told you that your blood is redder than his (the potential victim)? Maybe his blood is redder than yours!โ | ืจืืฆื ืืืคืื ืื ื ืื ืกืืจื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืชื ืืงืืื ืืจืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืจ ืื ืืจื ืืืจืื ืืื ืงืืืื ืืคืื ืื ืืื ืื ืงืืืื ื ืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืงืืืื ืืื ืชืืงืืื ืื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืกืืืง ืืคื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืจื ืกืืืง ืืคื |
14. BT Sanhedrin 74b
| They asked Rav Ami: is a Ben Noach commanded to die for the sanctification of G-dโs Name, or is he not commanded to do so? Abaye said, โCome and hear: โBโnei Noach were commanded in seven mitzvotโ. If there is an eighth mitzvah, state it.โ Rava said to him, โThat is not a proof that Bโnei Noach are not commanded in kiddush Hashem, for when โseven mitzvotโ are mentioned, the implication is the seven mitzvot plus all of the laws associated with them.โ What was the outcome of this discussion? Rav Ada bar Ahava said in the name of the Academy of Rav, โit is written (II Kings 5:18), โlet Hashem forgive your servant for these things, when my lord comes to Bet Rimmon to prostrate himself (to idols) and leans upon me, making me prostrateโ, and it is written, โand [Elisha] said to him, โgo in peaceโ.โ And if it were true that a Ben Noach was obligated to sanctify the Name], he would not have said [go in peace]. | ืืขื ืืื ืื ืืจ’ ืืื ืื ื ื ืืฆืืื ืขื ืงืืืฉืช ืืฉื ืื ืืื ืืฆืืื ืขื ืงืืืฉืช ืืฉื ืืืจ ืืืื ืช”ืฉ ืฉืืข ืืฆืืช ื ืฆืืื ืื ื ื ื ืืื ืืืชื ืชืื ื ืืืืื ื”ื ืจืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืจืืืื ืืื ืืื ืขืื ืืืจ ืจื ืืื ืืจ ืืืื ืืืจื ืื ืจื ืืชืื (ืืืืื ื ื, ืื) ืืืืจ ืืื ืืกืื ื’ ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืืช ืจืืื ืืืฉืชืืืช ืฉืื ืืืื ื ืฉืขื ืขื ืืื ืืืฉืชืืืืชื ืืืชืื (ืืืืื ื ื, ืื) ืืืืืจ ืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืื ืืืชื ืื ืืืื ืืื |
THE LAW OF THE PURSUER
15. Exodus 22:1
| If a thief comes in stealth, and he is found and beaten to death, there is no blood-guilt. | ืื ืืืืชืจืช ืึดืึธึผืฆึตึฅื ืึทืึทึผื ึธึผึื ืึฐืึปืึธึผึฃื ืึธืึตึืช ืึตึฅืื ืึืึน ืึธึผืึดึฝืืื |
16. BT Sanhedrin 72a
| Rava says, โwhat is the reason [why a person is exempt from liability for killing a thief who breaks into the house]? It is because we have a presumption that a person will not restrain himself when he is in a situation where he is threatened with having his money taken, so the thief must have said to himself โif he comes to confront me and does not let me take his money, I will kill himโโand the Torah says, โif someone comes to kill you, preempt him and kill him first.โโ | ืืืจ ืจืื ืืื ืืขืื ืืืืชืจืช ืืืงื ืืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืขืฆืื ืขื ืืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืจ ืื ืืืืื ื ืงืื ืืืคืื ืืื ืฉืืืง ืื ืืื ืงืื ืืืคืื ืงืืืื ื ืืื ืืืชืืจื ืืืจื ืื ืื ืืืืจืื ืืฉืื ืืืืจื |
17. Leviticus 19:16
| You shall not stand idly by your brotherโs blood, I am the L-rd | ืึนึฅื ืชึทืขึฒืึนึื ืขึทืึพืึทึผึฃื ืจึตืขึถึืึธ ืึฒื ึดึื ื’ื |
18. Maimonides, Laws Concerning the Murderer and the Preservation of Life 1:6
| One who pursues his fellow in order to kill himโeven if the pursuer is a minorโall Jews are commanded to save the intended victim from the pursuer, even if it means taking the life of the pursuer. | ืึธืจืึนืึตืฃ ืึทืึทืจ ืึฒืึตืจืึน ืึฐืึธืจึฐืืึน ืึฒืคึดืึผืึผ ืึธืึธื ืึธืจืึนืึตืฃ ืงึธืึธื ืึฒืจึตื ืึธึผื ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื ืึฐืฆึปืึดึผืื ืึฐืึทืฆึดึผืื ืึทื ึดึผืจึฐืึธึผืฃ ืึดืึทึผื ืึธืจืึนืึตืฃ ืึทืึฒืคึดืึผืึผ ืึฐึผื ึทืคึฐืฉืืึน ืฉึถืื ืจืึนืึตืฃ: |
19. Maimonides, ibid. 1:9
| This is also a negative commandment: not to take pity upon the life of a murderous pursuer. Therefore, the Sages have taught that with regard to a pregnant woman in hard travail, it is permitted to dismember the fetus in her womb, whether by chemical means or by hand, because the fetus is like the pursuer with intent to kill. But if the infant has crowned, he is not to be harmed, because we do not push off one life for another, and if the mother happens to die in childbirth, this is the nature of the world. | ืึทืฃ ืืึน ืึดืฆึฐืึทืช ืึนื ืชึทึผืขึฒืฉึถืื ืฉึถืืึนึผื ืึธืืึผืก ืขึทื ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืึธืจืึนืึตืฃ. ืึฐืคึดืืึธืึฐ ืืึนืจืึผ ืึฒืึธืึดืื ืฉึถืืึธืขึปืึธึผืจึธื ืฉึถืืึดืื ืึทืงึฐืฉึธืื ืึตืืึตื ืึปืชึธึผืจ ืึทืึฐืชึนึผืึฐ ืึธืขึตืึธึผืจ ืึฐึผืึตืขึถืืึธ ืึตึผืื ืึฐึผืกึทื ืึตึผืื ืึฐึผืึธื ืึดืคึฐึผื ึตื ืฉึถืืืึผื ืึฐึผืจืึนืึตืฃ ืึทืึฒืจึถืืึธ ืึฐืึธืจึฐืึธืึผ. ืึฐืึดื ืึดืฉึถึผืืืึนืฆึดืื ืจึนืืฉืืึน ืึตืื ื ืึนืึฐืขึดืื ืึผืึน ืฉึถืืึตืื ืึผืึนืึดืื ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืึดืคึฐึผื ึตื ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืึฐืึถืืึผ ืึดืึฐืขืึน ืฉึถืื ืขืึนืึธื: |
20. Maimonides, Laws of Kings and Wars 9:4
| This is also the case if he kills someone whose death is imminent, or if he binds someone and places him before a lion, or leaves him to die of starvationโif he causes death in any way, he is punished by death. Similarly, if [a Ben Noach] kills a pursuer where he could have stopped the pursuer by maiming him, he is punished with death. | ืึฐืึตื ืึดื ืึธืจึทื ืึฐืจึตืคึธื ืืึน ืฉึถืืึฐึผืคึธืชืึน ืึผื ึฐืชึธื ืึน ืึดืคึฐื ึตื ืึฒืจึดื ืืึน ืฉึถืืึดื ึดึผืืืึน ืึธึผืจึธืขึธื ืขึทื ืฉึถืืึตึผืช. ืืึนืึดืื ืึฐืึตืึดืืช ืึดืึธึผื ืึธืงืึนื ื ึถืึฑืจึธื. ืึฐืึตื ืึดื ืึธืจึทื ืจืึนืึตืฃ ืฉึถืืึธึผืืึนื ืึฐืึทืฆึดึผืืืึน ืึฐึผืึถืึธื ืึตืึตืืึธืจึธืื ื ึถืึฑืจึธื ืขึธืึธืื. ืึทื ืฉึถึผืืึตืื ืึตึผื ืึฐึผืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื: |
NOT FULLY HUMAN
21. Rashi, Sanhedrin 72b
| As long as the infant has not emerged into the world, he is not a nefesh (person), and can be killed in order to save his mother. | ืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืฆื ืืืืืจ ืืขืืื ืืื ื ืคืฉ ืืื ืื ืืชื ืืืืจืื ืืืืฆืื ืืื |
WHICH DOCTOR SHOULD BE TASKED WITH ABORTING A FETUS?
22. Leviticus 19:14
| You shall not curse the deaf, nor place a stumbling-block before the blind, I am the L-rd. | ืึนืึพืชึฐืงึทืึตึผึฃื ืึตืจึตึืฉื ืึฐืึดืคึฐื ึตึฃื ืขึดืึตึผึืจ ืึนึฅื ืชึดืชึตึผึื ืึดืึฐืฉึนืึื ืึฐืึธืจึตึฅืืชึธ ืึตึผืึฑืึนืึถึืืึธ ืึฒื ึดึฅื ื’ื |
By Rabbi Tani Burton
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