{"id":21418,"date":"2025-06-01T04:20:18","date_gmt":"2025-06-01T03:20:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sukkatshalom-bneinoach.com\/?p=21418"},"modified":"2025-08-23T20:18:15","modified_gmt":"2025-08-23T19:18:15","slug":"the-severity-of-theft-accoring-to-the-noahide-laws-and-jewish-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sukkatshalom-bneinoach.com\/es\/the-severity-of-theft-accoring-to-the-noahide-laws-and-jewish-law\/","title":{"rendered":"LA GRAVEDAD DEL ROBO SEG\u00daN LAS LEYES NO\u00c1HIDAS Y LA LEY JUD\u00cdA"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><strong>\u05d1\u05e1 \"\u05d3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">UN PENSAMIENTO SOBRE <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sukkatshalom-bneinoach.com\/es\/parasja\/\">PARSHAT<\/a> <\/strong>NASO 5785<br><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Fundamento b\u00edblico: N\u00fameros 5:6\u20137<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mechon-mamre.org\/p\/pt\/pt0405.htm?v=fa603a5d05\">N\u00fameros 5: 6-7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>6<\/strong>&nbsp;Habla a los hijos de Israel: Cuando alg\u00fan hombre o alguna mujer cometiere alguno de los pecados que cometen los hombres, prevaricando contra Jehov\u00e1, y fuere culpable esa persona,;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\"><strong>\u05d5<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u05d3\u05b7\u05bc\u05d1\u05b5\u05bc\u05e8, \u05d0\u05b6\u05dc-\u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e0\u05b5\u05d9 \u05d9\u05b4\u05e9\u05b0\u05c2\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc, \u05d0\u05b4\u05d9\u05e9\u05c1 \u05d0\u05d5\u05b9-\u05d0\u05b4\u05e9\u05b8\u05bc\u05c1\u05d4 \u05db\u05b4\u05bc\u05d9 \u05d9\u05b7\u05e2\u05b2\u05e9\u05c2\u05d5\u05bc \u05de\u05b4\u05db\u05b8\u05bc\u05dc-\u05d7\u05b7\u05d8\u05b9\u05bc\u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05b8\u05d0\u05b8\u05d3\u05b8\u05dd, \u05dc\u05b4\u05de\u05b0\u05e2\u05b9\u05dc \u05de\u05b7\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc \u05d1\u05b7\u05bc\u05d3&#039;; \u05d5\u05b0\u05d0\u05b8\u05e9\u05b0\u05c1\u05de\u05b8\u05d4, \u05d4\u05b7\u05e0\u05b6\u05bc\u05e4\u05b6\u05e9\u05c1 \u05d4\u05b7\u05d4\u05b4\u05d5\u05d0.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>7<\/strong>&nbsp;Entonces confesar\u00e1n su pecado que cometieron, y \u00e9l restituir\u00e1 su culpa por completo, y a\u00f1adir\u00e1 a ello la quinta parte, y se la dar\u00e1 a aquel por quien fue culpable.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\"><strong>\u05d6<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u05d5\u05b0\u05d4\u05b4\u05ea\u05b0\u05d5\u05b7\u05d3\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc, \u05d0\u05b6\u05ea-\u05d7\u05b7\u05d8\u05b8\u05bc\u05d0\u05ea\u05b8\u05dd \u05d0\u05b2\u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05e8 \u05e2\u05b8\u05e9\u05c2\u05d5\u05bc, \u05d5\u05b0\u05d4\u05b5\u05e9\u05b4\u05c1\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d0\u05b6\u05ea-\u05d0\u05b2\u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05de\u05d5\u05b9 \u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e8\u05b9\u05d0\u05e9\u05c1\u05d5\u05b9, \u05d5\u05b7\u05d7\u05b2\u05de\u05b4\u05d9\u05e9\u05b4\u05c1\u05ea\u05d5\u05b9 \u05d9\u05b9\u05e1\u05b5\u05e3 \u05e2\u05b8\u05dc\u05b8\u05d9\u05d5; \u05d5\u05b0\u05e0\u05b8\u05ea\u05b7\u05df, \u05dc\u05b7\u05d0\u05b2\u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05e8 \u05d0\u05b8\u05e9\u05b7\u05c1\u05dd \u05dc\u05d5\u05b9.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Estos vers\u00edculos de la Tor\u00e1 sientan las bases para comprender la respuesta espiritual y legal al pecado, especialmente el robo, y la importancia de <strong>confesi\u00f3n<\/strong>, <strong>restituci\u00f3n<\/strong>y <strong>compensaci\u00f3n adicional<\/strong>. Aunque originalmente estaban dirigidos a los israelitas, contienen principios eternos de justicia que tambi\u00e9n sirven como gu\u00eda \u00e9tica para los no jud\u00edos que viven seg\u00fan las Leyes No\u00e1jidas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>La gravedad del robo seg\u00fan las leyes no\u00e1jidas y la ley jud\u00eda<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>En nuestra sociedad moderna, el robo suele considerarse un delito com\u00fan: algo inmoral, s\u00ed, pero no necesariamente mortal ni irreparable. Sin embargo, desde una perspectiva b\u00edblica y hal\u00e1jica (legal jud\u00eda), el enfoque del robo es mucho m\u00e1s estricto. Tanto en las Leyes No\u00e1jidas, que se aplican a los no jud\u00edos, como en la Ley Jud\u00eda (Halaj\u00e1), el robo se considera una transgresi\u00f3n extremadamente grave, incluso cuando se trata de una cantidad aparentemente insignificante. Es un pecado tan grave porque socava la confianza fundamental entre las personas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El Talmud ense\u00f1a que <strong>Quien roba a su pr\u00f3jimo es considerado como si lo hubiera matado.<\/strong> (Bava Kama 119a). Esta cruda comparaci\u00f3n revela el profundo da\u00f1o moral que causa el robo: no solo roba bienes materiales, sino tambi\u00e9n dignidad, confianza y paz mental. Desde esta perspectiva, el robo se convierte no solo en una violaci\u00f3n legal, sino en una herida espiritual infligida a la sociedad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>&nbsp;El robo seg\u00fan las leyes no\u00e1jidas: un delito capital<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ver <em>Shulj\u00e1n Aruj HaRav<\/em>, Leyes sobre el Robo, tema 23: A los gentiles se les proh\u00edbe cometer robo y extorsi\u00f3n, al igual que a los jud\u00edos, ya que este es uno de los Siete Mandamientos No\u00e1jidas. Se les castiga con la pena capital por robar a la fuerza o hurtar a otra persona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El robo en cualquier forma, ya sea de posesiones materiales, tiempo o propiedad intelectual, se considera un pecado grave. El rabino Moshe Weiner enfatiza en <em>El C\u00f3digo Divino<\/em> No existe un umbral m\u00ednimo para la prohibici\u00f3n del robo. Incluso si un no jud\u00edo roba una cantidad insignificante de dinero, comete un pecado capital seg\u00fan la Tor\u00e1. Esto resalta la gravedad de esta transgresi\u00f3n a los ojos de Dios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aun as\u00ed, es importante se\u00f1alar que, si bien la pena es te\u00f3ricamente la pena capital, en la pr\u00e1ctica no se lleva a cabo hoy en d\u00eda. En cambio, el \u00e9nfasis recae en el arrepentimiento y la restituci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Diferentes opiniones sobre la restituci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Hay diferentes opiniones rab\u00ednicas sobre si un no jud\u00edo debe devolver lo que ha robado:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tosafot sostiene que, si bien devolver el objeto robado no exime al ladr\u00f3n de la pena capital, es moral y legalmente obligatorio. Un tribunal puede obligar a un no jud\u00edo a restituirlo.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rashi, sin embargo, afirma que si el ladr\u00f3n ya est\u00e1 sujeto a la pena capital, el tribunal no puede imponer adem\u00e1s una pena menor, como la restituci\u00f3n. Esto constituir\u00eda una forma de doble enjuiciamiento. Dado que el pecador es castigado con la pena mayor, no es necesario imponerle la menor. No obstante, el objeto robado sigue perteneciendo legalmente a la v\u00edctima, quien puede reclamarlo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Aunque no hay una definici\u00f3n espec\u00edfica <em>mandamiento positivo<\/em> Para que los no jud\u00edos devuelvan la propiedad robada, siguen estando obligados a cesar en su transgresi\u00f3n. Esto significa que deben devolver el objeto robado o reembolsar su valor. Esto se vincula con la obligaci\u00f3n no\u00e1jida m\u00e1s amplia de establecer un sistema legal justo, que incluye la prohibici\u00f3n de la inacci\u00f3n judicial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aunque la pena de muerte no se aplica en nuestros tiempos, el \u00e9nfasis recae en el arrepentimiento y la restituci\u00f3n. Los principios legales jud\u00edos pueden servir como gu\u00eda moral para determinar lo que es justo y equitativo. El rabino Yonatan Shteif analiza esto en <em>Mitzvot HaShem<\/em> (pp. 444\u2013448, Mitzvot 49, 55, 56), citando al Ramban sobre Deuteronomio 34:13, quien afirma que todo el mandamiento de los Dinim debe entenderse seg\u00fan la ley jud\u00eda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ley jud\u00eda: confesi\u00f3n y compensaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La Tor\u00e1 aborda los principios del arrepentimiento y la compensaci\u00f3n por los pecados, incluido el robo, en N\u00fameros 5:6-7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cCuando un hombre o una mujer cometa cualquier pecado que cometen los hombres, es decir, una ofensa contra el Se\u00f1or, y sea culpable, confesar\u00e1 el pecado que haya cometido. Restituir\u00e1 \u00edntegramente su culpa, a\u00f1adir\u00e1 una quinta parte a la misma y la dar\u00e1 a aquel contra quien se ha ofendido. (N\u00fameros 5:6-7)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si bien esto se aplica a los jud\u00edos, puede servir como gu\u00eda moral para los no jud\u00edos que desean seguir las Leyes No\u00e1jidas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La compensaci\u00f3n implica:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Confesi\u00f3n de culpabilidad (<em>Viduy<\/em>),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Devoluci\u00f3n del objeto robado (<em>Hashavat Gezeilah<\/em>),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Multa de una quinta parte (20%) agregada al valor del art\u00edculo robado.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Al valor del objeto robado se le a\u00f1adir\u00e1 una multa de una quinta parte (20%).<br>Chizkuni, al comentar N\u00fameros 5:6, explica que este 20% adicional se aplica cuando el ladr\u00f3n confiesa voluntariamente. Sin embargo, si hay testigos y la confesi\u00f3n no es voluntaria, el ladr\u00f3n debe pagar una multa doble: dos veces una quinta parte (es decir, 40%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Or HaChaim se\u00f1ala que, si bien la prohibici\u00f3n del robo se expresa en plural, el lenguaje cambia al singular cuando se habla de confesi\u00f3n y restituci\u00f3n. Explica que la confesi\u00f3n es una obligaci\u00f3n universal: cada uno debe examinar sus propias acciones. Todos deber\u00edamos preguntarnos si hemos perjudicado a otros, si hemos usado horas de trabajo para asuntos personales o si hemos tomado prestado algo (como un bol\u00edgrafo) y no lo hemos devuelto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sin embargo, en lo que respecta a la compensaci\u00f3n, la Tor\u00e1 es compasiva. Toma en cuenta la situaci\u00f3n financiera del ofensor. Por ejemplo, a una persona pobre se le puede permitir traer una ofrenda menos costosa. Esto demuestra que la ley jud\u00eda no solo es justa, sino tambi\u00e9n compasiva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusi\u00f3n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>El robo no es simplemente una infracci\u00f3n legal; es una ofensa espiritual: una violaci\u00f3n de la confianza entre las personas y una rebeli\u00f3n contra la autoridad de Dios. Tanto para jud\u00edos como para no jud\u00edos, la Tor\u00e1 ense\u00f1a que incluso el robo m\u00e1s peque\u00f1o debe tomarse en serio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Las Leyes No\u00e1jidas subrayan esto al clasificar el robo como delito capital, no para imponer la pena de muerte hoy en d\u00eda, sino para subrayar la gravedad del pecado. La ley jud\u00eda, a su vez, ofrece un enfoque equilibrado que incluye la confesi\u00f3n, la restituci\u00f3n y la rendici\u00f3n de cuentas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En una \u00e9poca en la que la br\u00fajula moral de la sociedad se ve cada vez m\u00e1s cuestionada, esta perspectiva divina sigue siendo un faro brillante de justicia y \u00e9tica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Por Angelique Sijbolts<\/strong><br><strong>Gracias al rabino Moshe Bernstein por sus comentarios. <\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Fuentes<\/strong><br><br>El C\u00f3digo Divino por el Rabino Moshe Weiner Parte VII p\u00e1gs. 480, 496, 497, 498<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><br>Ver tambi\u00e9n: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sukkatshalom-bneinoach.com\/es\/2025\/04\/19\/how-to-become-a-consious-noahide\/\">C\u00d3MO CONVERTIRSE EN UN NO\u00c1JIDA CONSCIENTE<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"about:blank\"><\/a><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mechon-mamre.org\/index.htm\"><strong>Textos Mechon Mamre<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Copyright, todos los derechos reservados. Si le ha gustado este art\u00edculo, le animamos a seguir difundi\u00e9ndolo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nuestros blogs pueden contener textos\/citas\/referencias\/enlaces que incluyan material protegido por derechos de autor de <a href=\"https:\/\/mechon-mamre.org\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mechon-Mamre.org<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/aish.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Aish.com<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sefaria.org\/texts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sefaria.org<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chabad.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jabad.org<\/a>y\/o <a href=\"https:\/\/asknoah.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">AskNoah.org<\/a>que utilizamos de acuerdo con sus pol\u00edticas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u05d1\u05e1&#8221;\u05d3 A THOUGHT ABOUT PARSHAT NASO 5785 Biblical Foundation: Numbers 5:6\u20137 Numbers 5: 6-7 6&nbsp;Speak unto the children of Israel: When a man or woman shall commit any sin that men commit, to commit a trespass against the L-RD, and that soul be guilty; \u05d5&nbsp;&nbsp;\u05d3\u05b7\u05bc\u05d1\u05b5\u05bc\u05e8, \u05d0\u05b6\u05dc-\u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e0\u05b5\u05d9 \u05d9\u05b4\u05e9\u05b0\u05c2\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc, \u05d0\u05b4\u05d9\u05e9\u05c1 \u05d0\u05d5\u05b9-\u05d0\u05b4\u05e9\u05b8\u05bc\u05c1\u05d4 \u05db\u05b4\u05bc\u05d9 \u05d9\u05b7\u05e2\u05b2\u05e9\u05c2\u05d5\u05bc \u05de\u05b4\u05db\u05b8\u05bc\u05dc-\u05d7\u05b7\u05d8\u05b9\u05bc\u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05b8\u05d0\u05b8\u05d3\u05b8\u05dd, \u05dc\u05b4\u05de\u05b0\u05e2\u05b9\u05dc \u05de\u05b7\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23158,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"[]"},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-thought-about-the-parshah"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.7 - 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