{"id":20221,"date":"2024-11-24T15:11:21","date_gmt":"2024-11-24T14:11:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sukkatshalom-bneinoach.com\/?p=20221"},"modified":"2024-11-24T15:11:21","modified_gmt":"2024-11-24T14:11:21","slug":"can-noahides-observe-shabbat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sukkatshalom-bneinoach.com\/fr\/can-noahides-observe-shabbat\/","title":{"rendered":"LES NOAHIDES PEUVENT-ILS OBSERVER LE SHABBAT ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><strong>\u05d1\u05e1&#8221;\u05d3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol style=\"list-style-type:upper-roman\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Holiness of Shabbat<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>The heaven and the earth were finished, and all their array. On the seventh day G-d finished the work that He had undertaken: [G-d] ceased on the seventh day from doing any of the work. And G-d blessed the seventh day and declared it holy\u2014having ceased on it from all the work of creation that G-d had done.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">\u05d5\u05b7\u05d9\u05b0\u05db\u05bb\u05dc\u05bc\u059b\u05d5\u05bc \u05d4\u05b7\u05e9\u05b8\u05bc\u05c1\u05de\u05b7\u05a5\u05d9\u05b4\u05dd \u05d5\u05b0\u05d4\u05b8\u05d0\u05b8\u0596\u05e8\u05b6\u05e5 \u05d5\u05b0\u05db\u05b8\u05dc\u05be\u05e6\u05b0\u05d1\u05b8\u05d0\u05b8\u05bd\u05dd\u05c3 \u05d5\u05b7\u05d9\u05b0\u05db\u05b7\u05a4\u05dc \u05d0\u05b1\u05dc\u05b9\u05d4\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd\u0599 \u05d1\u05b7\u05bc\u05d9\u05bc\u05a3\u05d5\u05b9\u05dd \u05d4\u05b7\u05e9\u05b0\u05bc\u05c1\u05d1\u05b4\u05d9\u05e2\u05b4\u0594\u05d9 \u05de\u05b0\u05dc\u05b7\u05d0\u05db\u05b0\u05ea\u05bc\u0596\u05d5\u05b9 \u05d0\u05b2\u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05a3\u05e8 \u05e2\u05b8\u05e9\u05b8\u05c2\u0591\u05d4 \u05d5\u05b7\u05d9\u05b4\u05bc\u05e9\u05b0\u05c1\u05d1\u05b9\u05bc\u05ea\u0599 \u05d1\u05b7\u05bc\u05d9\u05bc\u05a3\u05d5\u05b9\u05dd \u05d4\u05b7\u05e9\u05b0\u05bc\u05c1\u05d1\u05b4\u05d9\u05e2\u05b4\u0594\u05d9 \u05de\u05b4\u05db\u05b8\u05bc\u05dc\u05be\u05de\u05b0\u05dc\u05b7\u05d0\u05db\u05b0\u05ea\u05bc\u0596\u05d5\u05b9 \u05d0\u05b2\u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05a5\u05e8 \u05e2\u05b8\u05e9\u05b8\u05bd\u05c2\u05d4\u05c3 \u05d5\u05b7\u05d9\u05b0\u05d1\u05b8\u05a4\u05e8\u05b6\u05da\u05b0 \u05d0\u05b1\u05dc\u05b9\u05d4\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd\u0599 \u05d0\u05b6\u05ea\u05be\u05d9\u05a3\u05d5\u05b9\u05dd \u05d4\u05b7\u05e9\u05b0\u05bc\u05c1\u05d1\u05b4\u05d9\u05e2\u05b4\u0594\u05d9 \u05d5\u05b7\u05d9\u05b0\u05e7\u05b7\u05d3\u05b5\u05bc\u0596\u05e9\u05c1 \u05d0\u05b9\u05ea\u0591\u05d5\u05b9 \u05db\u05b4\u05bc\u05a3\u05d9 \u05d1\u05a4\u05d5\u05b9 \u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05d1\u05b7\u05ea\u0599 \u05de\u05b4\u05db\u05b8\u05bc\u05dc\u05be\u05de\u05b0\u05dc\u05b7\u05d0\u05db\u05b0\u05ea\u05bc\u0594\u05d5\u05b9 \u05d0\u05b2\u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05e8\u05be\u05d1\u05b8\u05bc\u05e8\u05b8\u05a5\u05d0 \u05d0\u05b1\u05dc\u05b9\u05d4\u05b4\u0596\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05b7\u05e2\u05b2\u05e9\u05bd\u05c2\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea\u05c3 &nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>II. The Unique Relationship of Bnei Yisrael to Shabbat<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Exodus 31:13<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>And you, speak to the Children of Israel saying, nevertheless you will guard My Sabbaths, for it is a sign between Me and your children, for your generations, to know that I, Hashem, have sanctified you.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">\u05d5\u05b0\u05d0\u05b7\u05ea\u05b8\u05bc\u059e\u05d4 \u05d3\u05b7\u05bc\u05d1\u05b5\u05bc\u05a8\u05e8 \u05d0\u05b6\u05dc\u05be\u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e0\u05b5\u05a4\u05d9 \u05d9\u05b4\u05e9\u05b0\u05c2\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc\u0599 \u05dc\u05b5\u05d0\u05de\u05b9\u0594\u05e8 \u05d0\u05b7\u05a5\u05da\u05b0 \u05d0\u05b6\u05ea\u05be\u05e9\u05b7\u05c1\u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05ea\u05b9\u05ea\u05b7\u0596\u05d9 \u05ea\u05b4\u05bc\u05e9\u05b0\u05c1\u05de\u05b9\u0591\u05e8\u05d5\u05bc \u05db\u05b4\u05bc\u05d9\u05a9 \u05d0\u05a8\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea \u05d4\u05b4\u059c\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d1\u05b5\u05bc\u05d9\u05e0\u05b4\u05a4\u05d9 \u05d5\u05bc\u05d1\u05b5\u05bd\u05d9\u05e0\u05b5\u05d9\u05db\u05b6\u05dd\u0599 \u05dc\u05b0\u05d3\u05b9\u05e8\u05b9\u05a3\u05ea\u05b5\u05d9\u05db\u05b6\u0594\u05dd \u05dc\u05b8\u05d3\u05b7\u0595\u05e2\u05b7\u05ea \u05db\u05b4\u05bc\u059b\u05d9 \u05d0\u05b2\u05e0\u05b4\u05a5\u05d9 \u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05b9\u05d5\u05b8\u0596\u05d4 \u05de\u05b0\u05e7\u05b7\u05d3\u05b4\u05bc\u05e9\u05b0\u05c1\u05db\u05b6\u05bd\u05dd\u05c3 &nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Rashi, loc.cit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>You, despite the fact that I have appointed you to command them concerning the building of the Mishkan, not let it be a light matter to push off the Sabbath on account of the work.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\"><strong>\u05d5\u05d0\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d3\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d0\u05dc \u05d1\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc.<\/strong> \u05d5\u05b0\u05d0\u05b7\u05ea\u05b8\u05bc\u05d4 \u05d0\u05b7\u05e2\u05b7&#8221;\u05e4\u05b4\u05bc \u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05d4\u05b4\u05e4\u05b0\u05e7\u05b7\u05d3\u05b0\u05ea\u05b4\u05bc\u05d9\u05da\u05b8 \u05dc\u05b0\u05e6\u05b7\u05d5\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea\u05b8\u05dd \u05e2\u05b7\u05dc \u05de\u05b0\u05dc\u05b6\u05d0\u05db\u05b6\u05ea \u05d4\u05b7\u05de\u05b4\u05bc\u05e9\u05b0\u05c1\u05db\u05b8\u05bc\u05df, \u05d0\u05b7\u05dc \u05d9\u05b5\u05e7\u05b7\u05dc \u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e2\u05b5\u05d9\u05e0\u05b6\u05d9\u05da\u05b8 \u05dc\u05b4\u05d3\u05b0\u05d7\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea \u05d0\u05b6\u05ea \u05d4\u05b7\u05e9\u05b7\u05bc\u05c1\u05d1\u05b8\u05bc\u05ea \u05de\u05b4\u05e4\u05b0\u05bc\u05e0\u05b5\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea\u05b8\u05d4\u05bc \u05de\u05b0\u05dc\u05b8\u05d0\u05db\u05b8\u05d4:<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Rashi, loc. cit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>It is a great sign between us, for I have chosen you by letting you inherit the day of rest, upon which I rested.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\"><strong>\u05db\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05db\u05dd.<\/strong> \u05d0\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea \u05d2\u05b0\u05bc\u05d3\u05bb\u05dc\u05b8\u05bc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05b4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d1\u05b5\u05d9\u05e0\u05b5\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05bc, \u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05d1\u05b8\u05bc\u05d7\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05ea\u05b4\u05bc\u05d9 \u05d1\u05b8\u05db\u05b6\u05dd \u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05d4\u05b7\u05e0\u05b0\u05d7\u05b4\u05d9\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9 \u05dc\u05b8\u05db\u05b6\u05dd \u05d0\u05b6\u05ea \u05d9\u05d5\u05b9\u05dd \u05de\u05b0\u05e0\u05d5\u05bc\u05d7\u05b8\u05ea\u05b4\u05d9 \u05dc\u05b4\u05de\u05b0\u05e0\u05d5\u05bc\u05d7\u05b8\u05d4:<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>III. The Prohibition on Sabbath Observance for Gentiles<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. Sanhedrin 58b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>And Reish Lakish says, \u201ca non-Jew who observes the Shabbat is liable to the death penalty, as the verse states (Genesis 8:22), \u2018and day and night [they] will not rest\u2019\u201d. Mar said, \u201ctheir prohibition is their death\u201d, i.e., death is the standard penalty for transgression of Noahide laws. Ravina said, \u201ceven if he made the second day of the week Shabbat\u201d. Objection: But if so, it should have been counted amongst the Seven Mitzvot! Resolution: The Seven Mitzvot only include negative commandments; positive commandments are not included.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">\u05d5\u05d0\u05e8&#8221;\u05dc \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3 \u05db\u05d5\u05db\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05de\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d0&#8217; (\u05d1\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea \u05d7, \u05db\u05d1) \u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05de\u05e8 \u05d0\u05d6\u05d4\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d4\u05df \u05d6\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05de\u05d9\u05ea\u05ea\u05df \u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d0 \u05d0\u05e4\u05d9&#8217; \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d7\u05e9\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d2\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d6&#8217; \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05db\u05d9 \u05e7\u05d0 \u05d7\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05e9\u05d1 \u05d5\u05d0\u05dc \u05ea\u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d5\u05dd \u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e7\u05d0 \u05d7\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 &nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>IV. Concept #1: Rashi, the complete prohibition on rest<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5. Rashi, loc. cit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>\u201cA non-Jew who \u2018rests\u2019\u201d\u2014from his <em>melacha<\/em> for an entire day is liable to the death penalty, as the verse states (Genesis 8:22), \u2018and day and night [they] will not rest\u201d, and this is homiletically understood to refer to abstinence from <em>melacha<\/em> (productive work), and therefore applies to people. Do not ask: but \u201c[they] will not rest\u201d refers only to the six seasons mentioned in the verse, meaning that the natural cycle of seasons will not be nullified and will not cease to be! For what we are learning from this passage is that the verse also applies to people.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3 \u05db\u05d5\u05db\u05d1\u05d9&#8217; \u05e9\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea &#8211; \u05de\u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc\u05dd \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05de\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d0&#8217; \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d5\u05e7\u05d0 \u05d3\u05e8\u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5 \u05de\u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05d4 \u05d3\u05d0\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d3\u05dd \u05e0\u05de\u05d9 \u05e7\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05ea\u05d9\u05de\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d4\u05da \u05e9\u05e9\u05ea \u05e2\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd \u05d3\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0 \u05e7\u05d0\u05d9 \u05db\u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d1\u05d8\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05e4\u05e1\u05e7\u05d5 \u05de\u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea: \u05e4\u05e9\u05d9\u05d8\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d2\u05e8\u05e1\u05d9&#8217; \u05d3\u05d4\u05d0 \u05d8\u05d5\u05d1\u05d0 \u05e7\u05de&#8221;\u05dc \u05d3\u05d0\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d3\u05dd \u05e7\u05d0\u05d9: &nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>6. Rashi, loc. cit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Ravina said, \u201ceven if he made the second day of the week Shabbat\u201d\u2014Do not say: the \u201csabbath\u201d that Reish Lakish is speaking about is where he is resting out of a perceived religious obligation, like observing a \u201csabbath\u201d on Shabbat, which is the sabbath for Israel, or on Sunday, when the Christians observe a \u201csabbath\u201d. Rather, rest <em>in general<\/em> is prohibited to Gentiles; they may not refrain from productive activity, even on a day which is not designated as a sabbath. In fact, [Ravina said,] \u201cthe second day of the week\u201d because it is the first day of the week that is not a designated sabbatical day, and this can also apply to the third and fourth days.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">\u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d0 \u05d0\u05e4\u05d9&#8217; \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea &#8211; \u05dc\u05d0 \u05ea\u05d9\u05de\u05d0 \u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d3\u05e7\u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05e8&#8221;\u05dc \u05dc\u05e9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d7\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05d3\u05dc\u05d0 \u05dc\u05db\u05d5\u05d5\u05df \u05dc\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05db\u05d2\u05d5\u05df \u05d1\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d7\u05d3 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e9\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1\u05ea\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05d5 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05d7\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc\u05de\u05d0 \u05e7\u05d0 \u05d0\u05e1\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d1\u05d8\u05dc\u05d5 \u05de\u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d0\u05e4\u05d9&#8217; \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e8 \u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05d9\u05d5\u05de\u05d0 \u05e7\u05de\u05d0 \u05d3\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5 \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d1\u05e8 \u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e0\u05e7\u05d8 \u05d5\u05d4&#8221;\u05d4 \u05d3\u05d4\u05d5\u05d4 \u05de\u05e6\u05d9 \u05dc\u05de\u05d9\u05e0\u05e7\u05d8 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9 \u05d5\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2\u05d9: &nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>7. Torah Temimah on Genesis 8:22:17<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>It appears to me that Rashi\u2019s reasoning goes accord to the Midrash (Rabbah, Chapter 25), that during the Flood, the constellations did not cease functioning, nor did the natural world change. And if so, it is impossible to read the verse as applying to the seasons or the constellations, since even until today they have not \u201crested\u201d. Therefore, the verse is explained as referring to people. In other words, that they should not refrain from <em>melacha, <\/em>no matter the time or season. But the reason for this mitzvah has not been explained at all, nor the punishment of death for it. Perhaps it can be explained according to that which is written in Avot d\u2019Rabbi Natan, chapter 11, on the verse, \u201csix days you shall work and perform all of your <em>melacha\u201d<\/em>. What does the verse teach us when it says, \u201call of your <em>melacha\u201d<\/em> after it has stated that \u201csix days you shall work\u201d? It includes a person who owns courtyards or fields that are in a state of ruin, and implies that he should go and work in them, for a person only dies through idleness. And the explanation is simple: if idleness causes a person to die before his time, even if a person does not have specific work demands, he should nevertheless try to find for himself some productive work, even if it is not immediately necessary just to make sure that he does not become idle and die. And it is important to have the verse in mind that states, \u201cproductive work gives life to its owner\u201d\u2014because it truly does give life. According to this, we can say that the reason why the Holy One, Blessed is He, commanded man to work, is to insure that he does not cause his own death. It follows that the expression, \u201cliable for death\u201d implies, \u201chas forfeited his soul\u201d. And despite the fact that it would be logical that this should apply, not only to Gentiles, but to Jews as well, we could say that a Jew can busy himself with Torah learning and prayer during his rest. This is not the case for a non-Jew, who, if he engages in intensive Torah learning, he is liable to the death penalty. His engagement in Torah learning as it pertains to his Seven Mitzvot is relatively shorter and easier. Therefore, he has no other option than to involve himself in productive work\u2014although perhaps the explanation from Avot d\u2019Rabbi Natan is referring to an unlearned person who is not capable of engaging in deep Torah study. And still, more study is needed to understand what the Rambam wrote (Hilchot Melachim 9:9), that this law only applies where a non-Jew has refrained from <em>melacha<\/em> to fulfill a \u201cmitzvah\u201d of sabbatical rest that he has created for himself like Shabbat\u2014that only in such a case is he liable to the death penalty. Yet, according to what we have said, his intention should not make a difference. But it can also be said that any time he is not resting according to the parameters of a Shabbat type of rest, a full observance of Shabbat, he is not truly refraining from <em>melacha<\/em>, since he is involved in certain activities of productivity, such as food preparation, cooking, and we need not elaborate further.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">*\u05e4\u05d9\u05e8\u05e9&#8221;\u05d9 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3 \u05db\u05d5\u05db\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05de\u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc\u05dd \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05de\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea\u05d5, \u05d5\u05d3\u05e8\u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea\u05d5 \u05de\u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05d4 \u05d3\u05d0\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d3\u05dd \u05e0\u05de\u05d9 \u05e7\u05d0\u05d9, \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05ea\u05d9\u05de\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d4\u05e0\u05da \u05e9\u05e9\u05ea \u05e2\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd \u05d3\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0 \u05e7\u05d0\u05d9 \u05db\u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d1\u05d8\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05e4\u05e1\u05e7\u05d5 \u05de\u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea, \u05e2\u05db&#8221;\u05dc. \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e4\u05d9\u05e8\u05e9 \u05d4\u05d8\u05e2\u05dd \u05dc\u05de\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d0\u05de\u05ea \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e0\u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05d3\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0 \u05e7\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d0\u05e9\u05e9\u05ea \u05e2\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d0\u05d3\u05dd, \u05d5\u05e0\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d3\u05e1&#8221;\u05dc \u05db\u05de&#8221;\u05d3 \u05d1\u05de&#8221;\u05e8 (\u05e4&#8217; \u05db&#8221;\u05d4) \u05d3\u05d1\u05d9\u05de\u05d9 \u05d4\u05de\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d4\u05de\u05d6\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e0\u05e9\u05ea\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e1\u05d3\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea, \u05d5\u05d0&#8221;\u05db \u05d0\u05d9 \u05d0\u05e4\u05e9\u05e8 \u05dc\u05e4\u05e8\u05e9 \u05d3\u05e7\u05d0\u05d9 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05d6\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d2\u05dd \u05e2\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea\u05d5, \u05d5\u05dc\u05db\u05df \u05e4\u05d9\u05e8\u05e9 \u05d3\u05e7\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d0\u05d3\u05dd, \u05db\u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05e9\u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d4\u05d6\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea\u05d5 \u05de\u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05d4. \u2013<br>\u05d5\u05d4\u05e0\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e0\u05ea\u05d1\u05d0\u05e8 \u05d1\u05db\u05dc\u05dc \u05d8\u05e2\u05dd \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05d4 \u05d6\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05e0\u05e9 \u05de\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d6\u05d4, \u05d5\u05d0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d9\u05ea\u05d1\u05d0\u05e8 \u05e2&#8221;\u05e4 \u05de&#8221;\u05d3 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d3\u05e8&#8221;\u05e0 \u05e4&#8217; 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\u05de\u05df \u05d4\u05d3\u05d9\u05df \u05e9\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5 \u05d3\u05d5\u05e7\u05d0 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3 \u05db\u05d5\u05db\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d2\u05dd \u05d1\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05d9\u05d4\u05d9&#8217; \u05d4\u05d3\u05d9\u05df \u05db\u05df, \u05d9&#8221;\u05dc \u05d3\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05dc \u05dc\u05e2\u05e1\u05d5\u05e7 \u05d1\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d1\u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e2\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\u05ea\u05d5, \u05de\u05e9\u05d0&#8221;\u05db \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3 \u05db\u05d5\u05db\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d1\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9&#8217; \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05de\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 [\u05e2&#8217; \u05dc\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e8&#8221;\u05e4 \u05d1\u05e8\u05db\u05d4 \u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e6\u05d5\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d2\u05d5&#8217; ], \u05d5\u05d4\u05e2\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d1\u05e2 \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05d3\u05d9\u05d3\u05d4\u05d5 \u05de\u05d5\u05e2\u05d8 \u05d5\u05e7\u05dc, \u05d0&#8221;\u05db \u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05dc\u05d5 \u05d3\u05e8\u05da \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05ea \u05dc\u05d4\u05ea\u05e2\u05e1\u05e7 \u05db\u05d9 \u05d0\u05dd \u05d1\u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05d4, \u05d5\u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d3\u05e8&#8221;\u05e0 \u05d0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d9\u05e9 \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05e1\u05d5\u05d2\u05dc \u05dc\u05e2\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4.<br>\u05d5\u05e2\u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05df \u05e6&#8221;\u05e2 \u05d1\u05de\u05e9&#8221;\u05db \u05d4\u05e8\u05de\u05d1&#8221;\u05dd \u05d1\u05e2\u05e0\u05d9\u05df \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e4&#8221;\u05d8 \u05d4&#8221;\u05d8 \u05de\u05de\u05dc\u05db\u05d9\u05dd \u05d3\u05d3\u05d9\u05df \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05e8\u05e7 \u05d0\u05dd \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05dc\u05e9\u05dd \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05e2\u05e9\u05d0\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05d5 \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d4\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea, \u05d5\u05e8\u05e7 \u05d0\u05d6 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05de\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4, \u05d5\u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05e0&#8221;\u05de \u05dc\u05db\u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d9\u05d6\u05d5 \u05db\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d5\u05d1\u05ea, \u05d5\u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d1 \u05d3\u05db\u05dc \u05d6\u05de\u05df \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e9\u05d5\u05d1\u05ea \u05db\u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea, \u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc\u05de\u05d4, \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d8\u05dc \u05de\u05de\u05e9 \u05de\u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05d4, \u05d3\u05d4\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e2\u05d5\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d1\u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05e7\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d1\u05e6\u05e8\u05db\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d5\u05db\u05dc \u05e0\u05e4\u05e9, \u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05dc\u05d4\u05d0\u05e8\u05d9\u05da \u05e2\u05d5\u05d3. . &nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>V. Concept #2: Rambam\u2014Creating a New Religion<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8. Rambam, Hilchot Melachim 10:9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>A Gentile who engages in Torah study is liable to the death penalty. He should only study the Seven Mitzvot [of B\u2019nei Noach]. Similarly, a Gentile who rests, even on another day of the week, in the sense that he has made this a sabbath for himself, is liable to the death penalty. It goes without saying that this is especially true if he has made that day a <em>mo\u2019ed<\/em> for himself. The general rule is that we do not allow them to create a new religion and to invent mitzvot for themselves from their intellects. Rather, let him become a righteous convert and accept upon himself all of the mitzvot or stay with his Torah [the Seven Mitzvot] without adding or subtracting anything. And if he engages in Torah study or invents new religious behaviors, we give him corporal punishment, penalize him and inform him that he is liable to the death penalty for this, although he is not executed.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">\u05e2\u05b7\u05db\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc&#8221;\u05dd \u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05e2\u05b8\u05e1\u05b7\u05e7 \u05d1\u05b7\u05bc\u05ea\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d7\u05b7\u05d9\u05b8\u05bc\u05d1 \u05de\u05b4\u05d9\u05ea\u05b8\u05d4. \u05dc\u05b9\u05d0 \u05d9\u05b7\u05e2\u05b2\u05e1\u05b9\u05e7 \u05d0\u05b6\u05dc\u05b8\u05bc\u05d0 \u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05d1\u05b7\u05e2 \u05de\u05b4\u05e6\u05b0\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea \u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05dc\u05b8\u05bc\u05d4\u05b6\u05df \u05d1\u05b4\u05bc\u05dc\u05b0\u05d1\u05b7\u05d3. \u05d5\u05b0\u05db\u05b5\u05df \u05e2\u05b7\u05db\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc&#8221;\u05dd \u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05e9\u05b8\u05bc\u05c1\u05d1\u05b7\u05ea \u05d0\u05b2\u05e4\u05b4\u05dc\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc \u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05d9\u05d5\u05b9\u05dd \u05de\u05b4\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea \u05d4\u05b7\u05d7\u05dc \u05d0\u05b4\u05dd \u05e2\u05b2\u05e9\u05b8\u05c2\u05d0\u05b8\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc \u05dc\u05b0\u05e2\u05b7\u05e6\u05b0\u05de\u05d5\u05b9 \u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05de\u05d5\u05b9 \u05e9\u05b7\u05c1\u05d1\u05b8\u05bc\u05ea \u05d7\u05b7\u05d9\u05b8\u05bc\u05d1 \u05de\u05b4\u05d9\u05ea\u05b8\u05d4. \u05d5\u05b0\u05d0\u05b5\u05d9\u05df \u05e6\u05b8\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05da\u05b0 \u05dc\u05d5\u05b9\u05de\u05b7\u05e8 \u05d0\u05b4\u05dd \u05e2\u05b8\u05e9\u05b8\u05c2\u05d4 \u05de\u05d5\u05b9\u05e2\u05b5\u05d3 \u05dc\u05b0\u05e2\u05b7\u05e6\u05b0\u05de\u05d5\u05b9. \u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05dc\u05b8\u05dc\u05d5\u05b9 \u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05dc \u05d3\u05b8\u05bc\u05d1\u05b8\u05e8 \u05d0\u05b5\u05d9\u05df \u05de\u05b0\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9\u05d7\u05b4\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea\u05b8\u05df \u05dc\u05b0\u05d7\u05b7\u05d3\u05b5\u05bc\u05e9\u05c1 \u05d3\u05b8\u05bc\u05ea \u05d5\u05b0\u05dc\u05b7\u05e2\u05b2\u05e9\u05c2\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea \u05de\u05b4\u05e6\u05b0\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea \u05dc\u05b0\u05e2\u05b7\u05e6\u05b0\u05de\u05b8\u05df \u05de\u05b4\u05d3\u05b7\u05bc\u05e2\u05b0\u05ea\u05b8\u05bc\u05df. \u05d0\u05b6\u05dc\u05b8\u05bc\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d5\u05b9 \u05d9\u05b4\u05d4\u05b0\u05d9\u05b6\u05d4 \u05d2\u05b5\u05bc\u05e8 \u05e6\u05b6\u05d3\u05b6\u05e7 \u05d5\u05b4\u05d9\u05e7\u05b7\u05d1\u05b5\u05bc\u05dc \u05db\u05b8\u05bc\u05dc \u05d4\u05b7\u05de\u05b4\u05bc\u05e6\u05b0\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea. \u05d0\u05d5\u05b9 \u05d9\u05b7\u05e2\u05b2\u05de\u05b9\u05d3 \u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05ea\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8\u05b8\u05ea\u05d5\u05b9 \u05d5\u05b0\u05dc\u05b9\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d5\u05b9\u05e1\u05b4\u05d9\u05e3 \u05d5\u05b0\u05dc\u05b9\u05d0 \u05d9\u05b4\u05d2\u05b0\u05e8\u05b7\u05e2. \u05d5\u05b0\u05d0\u05b4\u05dd \u05e2\u05b8\u05e1\u05b7\u05e7 \u05d1\u05b7\u05bc\u05ea\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5\u05b9 \u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05d1\u05b7\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5\u05b9 \u05d7\u05b4\u05d3\u05b5\u05bc\u05e9\u05c1 \u05d3\u05b8\u05bc\u05d1\u05b8\u05e8. \u05de\u05b7\u05db\u05b4\u05bc\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea\u05d5\u05b9 \u05d5\u05b0\u05e2\u05d5\u05b9\u05e0\u05b0\u05e9\u05b4\u05c1\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea\u05d5\u05b9 \u05d5\u05bc\u05de\u05d5\u05b9\u05d3\u05b4\u05d9\u05e2\u05b4\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea\u05d5\u05b9 \u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 \u05d7\u05b7\u05d9\u05b8\u05bc\u05d1 \u05de\u05b4\u05d9\u05ea\u05b8\u05d4 \u05e2\u05b7\u05dc \u05d6\u05b6\u05d4. \u05d0\u05b2\u05d1\u05b8\u05dc \u05d0\u05b5\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05b9 \u05e0\u05b6\u05d4\u05b1\u05e8\u05b8\u05d2: &nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>9. Lechem Mishna, loc.cit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>It appears to me that the Rambam\u2019s reasoning is based on that which is written [in Tractate Sanhedrin], that such a person is not actually executed, because the question was asked [Tosefot], \u201cthere is nothing that is permitted to a Jew that is forbidden to a Non-Jew\u201d, for there are the cases of a Non-Jew who observes the Sabbath or who learns Torah. In such cases, it is a mitzvah for a Jew, and prohibited to a Non-Jew. Tosefot stated that the aforementioned principle of \u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05d3\u05e2\u05dd does not apply where it is a mitzvah for Jews. But the Rambam\u2019s opinion is exactly the opposite\u2014where it is not only permitted to a Jew, but is a mitzvah, there is no reason a Non-Jew would be prohibited or liable for the death penalty because of it. Therefore, the Rambam explains that the liability is Rabbinic in nature, based on a prooftext, not a full warning\u2014for there is no such thing as a Biblical prohibition for a Non-Jew where something is permitted to a Jew, as Chazal have stated, \u201cthere is nothing that is permitted to a Jew that is forbidden to a Gentile\u201d, i.e. Biblically. Now, with regard to the objection raised in the Gemara, \u201clet it be counted as one of the Seven Mitzvot\u201d, this specifically refers to the prohibitive aspect of what is listed in the Seven Mitzvot, as the Kesef Mishna notes. And since this \u201cdeath penalty\u201d that is mentioned here is Rabbinic, it follows that all \u201cdeath penalties\u201d mentioned in this section of the Gemara are Rabbinic.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\"><strong>\u05e2\u05db\u05d5&#8221;\u05dd \u05e9\u05e2\u05d5\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d1\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d5\u05db\u05d5<\/strong><strong>&#8216;. <\/strong>\u05e0&#8221;\u05dc \u05d8\u05e2\u05dd \u05dc\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05de&#8221;\u05e9 \u05d3\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05e0\u05d4\u05e8\u05d2 \u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05de\u05e9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d3\u05d4\u05d5\u05e7\u05e9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d5 \u05de\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e4\u05e8\u05e7 \u05d3&#8217; \u05de\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d9\u05db\u05d0 \u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05e2\u05dd \u05d3\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05e9\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d5\u05dc\u05e2\u05db\u05d5&#8221;\u05dd \u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d3\u05d4\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d9\u05db\u05d0 \u05e2\u05db\u05d5&#8221;\u05dd \u05e9\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05d5\u05e2\u05db\u05d5&#8221;\u05dd \u05e9\u05e2\u05d5\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d1\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d3\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05d4 \u05d5\u05dc\u05e2\u05db\u05d5&#8221;\u05dd \u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d5\u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05e1&#8217; \u05d4\u05e7\u05e9\u05d5 \u05e7\u05d5\u05e9\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d6\u05d5 \u05d3\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05e0\u05df \u05d4\u05db\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05d5\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e0\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d5 \u05d4\u05e1\u05d1\u05e8\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d4\u05e4\u05da \u05d3\u05d0\u05d3\u05e8\u05d1\u05d0 \u05d3\u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05d3\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05de\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d0\u05e4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5 \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d0&#8221;\u05db \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d4 \u05dc\u05df \u05dc\u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05dc\u05e2\u05db\u05d5&#8221;\u05dd \u05d1\u05db\u05da \u05d5\u05dc\u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5 \u05de\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05dc\u05db\u05da \u05de\u05e4\u05e8\u05e9 \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d3\u05d4\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d5\u05d1 \u05de\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05de\u05d3\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05df \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d5\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0 \u05d0\u05e1\u05de\u05db\u05ea\u05d0 \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc\u05de\u05d0 \u05d3\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d6\u05d4\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d2\u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d3\u05d0\u05d6\u05d4\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05df \u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d9\u05db\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05e9\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d5\u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05e9\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d9\u05db\u05d0 \u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d3\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05e9\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d5\u05dc\u05e2\u05db\u05d5&#8221;\u05dd \u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05db\u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05d0\u05d6\u05d4\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05df \u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d5\u05de\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d4\u05e7\u05e9\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d2\u05de\u05e8\u05d0 \u05d3\u05dc\u05d9\u05d7\u05e9\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d2\u05d1\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d1\u05e2 \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d3\u05d5\u05e7\u05d0 \u05dc\u05e2\u05e0\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d1\u05d3 \u05d5\u05db\u05de&#8221;\u05e9 \u05d4\u05e8\u05d1 \u05db&#8221;\u05de \u05d5\u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05d3\u05d4\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d5\u05d1 \u05de\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d6\u05db\u05d9\u05e8 \u05db\u05d0\u05df \u05d4\u05d5\u05d9 \u05de\u05d3\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05df \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d3\u05d9\u05df \u05e0\u05de\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d5\u05d1 \u05de\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d6\u05db\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5 \u05d2\u05d1\u05d9 \u05e2\u05db\u05d5&#8221;\u05dd \u05e9\u05d4\u05db\u05d4 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05db\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d2\u05d5\u05d5\u05e0\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d3\u05d1\u05d7\u05d3 \u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05e0\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d9\u05ea\u05de\u05e8\u05d5 \u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05de\u05d9\u05de\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d3\u05d0 \u05d1\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d4\u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d5\u05d2\u05d9\u05d0: &nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>VI. Concept #3: Yad Rama\u2014Idolatry, Theft, Social Problem of Appearing to Create a New Religion<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10. Yad Rama on Sanhedrin 58b-59a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>And Reish Lakish said, \u201ca Gentile who refrains from <em>melacha<\/em> for an entire day, [is liable to the death penalty] etc., as the verse states, \u2018day and night, they will not cease\u2019\u201d. And the implication is that this principle also applies to human beings, that <em>they<\/em> will not refrain from <em>melacha<\/em>. Then the objection is raised: \u05e4\u05e9\u05d9\u05d8\u05d4, \u201cit is obvious!\u201d, because the assumption of Ravina is that the gemara is referring to cases where non-Jews might observe a sabbath out of a false, assumed obligation, like the Arabs who cease work on Fridays in the name of their \u201cidolatry\u201d, or even a case where a Gentile rests on Shabbat itself, for the sake of Heaven\u2014where, since he is not commanded to do this, it is like theft? [Yet, the gemara is <em>not<\/em> referring to cases like these and therefore the law is <em>not<\/em> obvious. Rather,] Ravina is stating that, even where a non-Jew is resting on Tuesday [i.e., not on the Muslim or Christian \u201csabbath\u201d days], where there is no \u201cobligation\u201d, but simply to rest, since he is intentionally ceasing work, he is committing an offense because it <em>appears<\/em> as if he is establishing a sabbath day for himself, and creating a religion based on his own ideas. &nbsp; Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon (Rambam), may he rest in Eden, contextualizes this in his sefer <em>Mishna Torah<\/em> as <em>actually<\/em> establishing a sabbath for himself and creating a religion based on his own ideas. But according to his reasoning, the objection of \u05e4\u05e9\u05d9\u05d8\u05d0 assumes the gemara is speaking of a Gentile who ceases from work on the Jewish sabbath, and the objection, \u201cthat is obvious\u201d is raised, because this is definitely a case where a non-Jew kept a sabbath in the name of an idol, meaning that his sabbath-keeping is an expression of his idolatry, meaning that it is an idolatrous practice [and therefore it is obvious that he incurs the death penalty for <em>avoda zara<\/em>]. And an objection is raised: even on the third day (Tuesday), where he has not established a sabbath day for idolatrous purposes, since he has established it as a rest day, and the verse <em>lo yishbotu<\/em> is a positive mitzvah to be involved in productive work. &nbsp; With regard to the objection regarding the mitzvah to establish courts (which is a positive mitzvah and is included in the Sheva Mitzvot), it is resolved by viewing this too as a negative commandment, to not render crooked legal judgements.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\"><strong>\u05d5\u05d0\u05de\u05e8<\/strong> \u05e8\u05d9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05e7\u05d9\u05e9 \u05e2\u05db\u05d5&#8221;\u05dd \u05e9\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05de\u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc\u05dd \u05db\u05d5&#8217; \u05e9\u05e0\u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d5\u05de\u05e9\u05de\u05e2 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e0\u05de\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d3\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea\u05d5 \u05de\u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05d4 \u05d5\u05de\u05ea\u05de\u05d4\u05d9\u05e0\u05df \u05e4\u05e9\u05d9\u05d8\u05d0 \u05d3\u05e7\u05e1&#8221;\u05d3 \u05d3\u05d1\u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05dc\u05e9\u05dd \u05d7\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d0 \u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9 \u05db\u05d2\u05d5\u05df \u05d0\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d5&#8217; \u05dc\u05e9\u05dd \u05e2&#8221;\u05d2 \u05d5\u05d0\u05e4\u05d9&#8217; \u05d4\u05d9\u05db\u05d0 \u05d3\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1\u05ea\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05dc\u05e9\u05d5\u05dd \u05e9\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05d3\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d0\u05e4\u05e7\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e2\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05db\u05d2\u05d6\u05dc \u05d5\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05e7 \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e0\u05e6\u05e8\u05db\u05d0 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05dc\u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05db\u05d0\u05df \u05e9\u05dd \u05d7\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4 \u05db\u05dc\u05dc \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05dc\u05e0\u05d5\u05d7 \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc\u05de\u05d0 \u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05e9\u05de\u05ea\u05db\u05d5\u05d5\u05df \u05dc\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e0\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05db\u05e7\u05d5\u05d1\u05e2 \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05dc\u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d3\u05ea \u05de\u05dc\u05d1\u05d5. &nbsp; \u05d5\u05d4\u05e8\u05d1 \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9 \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e8 \u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05df \u05e0\u05d5\u05d7\u05d5 \u05e2\u05d3\u05df \u05de\u05d5\u05e7\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05de\u05e9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e7\u05d5\u05d1\u05e2 \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05dc\u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05d5 \u05e9\u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d3\u05ea \u05de\u05dc\u05d1\u05d5 \u05d5\u05dc\u05d4\u05d0\u05d9 \u05e1\u05d1\u05e8\u05d0 \u05d3\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d0 \u05d3\u05de\u05e7\u05e9\u05d9\u05e0\u05df \u05e4\u05e9\u05d9\u05d8\u05d0 \u05d4\u05db\u05d9 \u05de\u05e4\u05e8\u05e9\u05d9&#8217; \u05dc\u05d4 \u05d3\u05e7\u05d0 \u05e1&#8221;\u05d3 \u05db\u05d5&#8217; \u05d1\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e7\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d5\u05d0\u05de\u05d8\u05d5\u05dc \u05d4\u05db\u05d9 \u05db\u05d9 \u05e7\u05d0 \u05de\u05ea\u05de\u05d4\u05d9\u05e0\u05df \u05e4\u05e9\u05d9\u05d8\u05d0 \u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05d3\u05d5\u05d3\u05d0\u05d9 \u05dc\u05e9\u05dd \u05e2&#8221;\u05d2 \u05e7\u05d0 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d9\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3 \u05e2&#8221;\u05d2 \u05d5\u05de\u05e4\u05e8\u05e7\u05d9\u05e0\u05df \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e0\u05e6\u05e8\u05db\u05d0 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d0\u05e4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05d3\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e7\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05dc\u05e2&#8221;\u05d2 \u05d0\u05e4&#8221;\u05d4 \u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05d3\u05e7\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d1\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d3\u05ea \u05de\u05dc\u05d1\u05d5. \u05d5\u05de\u05e7\u05e9\u05d9&#8217; \u05d5\u05dc\u05d7\u05e9\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d2\u05d1\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d1\u05e2 \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05de\u05e4\u05e8\u05e7\u05d9\u05e0\u05df \u05db\u05d9 \u05e7\u05d0 \u05d7\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05e9\u05d1 \u05d5\u05d0\u05dc \u05ea\u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d5\u05dd \u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e7\u05d7\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5 \u05d3\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5 \u05e7\u05d5\u05dd \u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0. \u05d5\u05de\u05e7\u05e9\u05d9\u05e0\u05df \u05d5\u05d4\u05d0 \u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05df \u05d3\u05e7\u05d5\u05dd \u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 (\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05df) [\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5\u05df] \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d5\u05e7\u05d0 \u05d7\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d5\u05de\u05e4\u05e8\u05e7\u05d9\u05e0\u05df \u05d4\u05ea\u05dd \u05e9\u05d1 \u05d5\u05d0\u05dc \u05ea\u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05e0\u05de\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d9\u05db\u05d0 \u05e9\u05d1 \u05d5\u05d0\u05dc \u05ea\u05d3\u05d9\u05df \u05d3\u05d9\u05df \u05e2\u05d5\u05dc \u05d5\u05de\u05e9&#8221;\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d0 \u05d7\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4: &nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>VII. Concept #4: Me\u2019iri\u2014Creating a New Religion, Becoming an Influencer, Permission to Observe Other Mitzvot<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11. Me\u2019iri, Sanhedrin 59a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>A <em>Ben Noach<\/em>, whom we have seen acting \u201cpiously\u201d, i.e. he has established for himself days of rest\u2014either Sabbath or Yom Tov\u2014is deserving of punishment, although not execution. It is not only when he has established these things for himself based on our tradition, such as a Gentile who is observing the Sabbath, that we punish him, and we say to him, \u201ceither accept upon yourself the yoke of the mitzvot, or do not create new rituals from what is ours\u201d; even if he fixes for himself other days [besides our Sabbath and Yom Tov] such as Monday, we do not allow him to create and establish a festival for himself where he keeps Sabbath laws as a festival, because it appears to others as if he is one of our people, and others will learn from him. But with regard to other mitzvot, we do not withhold these from him, for Chazal have instructed us to accept sacrifices and tzedakah from him. Additionally, the law is, if he engages in intense Torah study not for the sake of fulfilling its mitzvot, but to arrive at a deep knowledge of our Torah and Talmud, it is appropriate that he be punished, because other people will assume that he is a Jew, based on the fact that they see that he knows [Torah] and they will mistakenly follow his example. Nevertheless, any extent to which he engages in Torah study as it pertains to the Sheva Mitzvot and their details, and everything that results from them, even if the majority of the rest of the Torah is contained within them, we honor him even like we would the <em>Kohen Gadol<\/em>, because there is no concern that people will mistakenly follow him, for he is only studying that which pertains to him\u2014and this is all the more true if his study is performed with the intention of getting a full knowledge of the Torah where if he finds it perfect he will come back and convert, and especially if he studies and fulfills its mitzvot for their own sake, even in areas that are not from the Seven Mitzvot.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\"><strong>\u05d1\u05df<\/strong> \u05e0\u05d7 \u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05d4\u05d5 \u05de\u05ea\u05d7\u05e1\u05d3 \u05d5\u05e7\u05d5\u05d1\u05e2 \u05dc\u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05d5 \u05d9\u05de\u05d9 \u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05d7\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05e8\u05d0\u05d5\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d9\u05e2\u05e0\u05e9 \u05d0\u05e2&#8221;\u05e4 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e0\u05d4\u05e8\u05d2 \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e1\u05d5\u05e3 \u05d3\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e9\u05e7\u05d5\u05d1\u05e2 \u05d0\u05ea \u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05d5 \u05e2\u05dc \u05e9\u05dc\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d4\u05e8\u05de\u05d5\u05d6 \u05db\u05d0\u05df \u05d1\u05d2\u05d5\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e9\u05e2\u05d5\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05df \u05dc\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5 \u05e2\u05d5\u05dc \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9 \u05d1\u05e0\u05de\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05d5 \u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d0\u05e3 \u05d1\u05e9\u05e7\u05d1\u05e2 \u05dc\u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05d5 \u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05e9\u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d5 \u05db\u05d0\u05df \u05d0\u05e3 \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05d7\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9 \u05d1\u05d5 \u05d5\u05dc\u05e7\u05d1\u05d5\u05e2 \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d7\u05d2 \u05dc\u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d5 \u05de\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea \u05d7\u05d2 \u05e9\u05d6\u05d4 \u05e0\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05db\u05de\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05de\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e2\u05de\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d9\u05dc\u05de\u05d3\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d9\u05de\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d1\u05dc \u05e9\u05d0\u05e8 \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05e2\u05d9\u05df \u05d4\u05d9\u05de\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e9\u05d4\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d0\u05de\u05e8\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \u05e7\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d5\u05e6\u05d3\u05e7\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d5\u05db\u05df \u05d4\u05d3\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05dd \u05e2\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d1\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d0 \u05dc\u05db\u05d5\u05e0\u05ea \u05e7\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05e2\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9 \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d1\u05d5 \u05d7\u05e4\u05e5 \u05dc\u05d9\u05e8\u05d3 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05e2\u05ea \u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d5\u05ea\u05dc\u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e8\u05d0\u05d5\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d9\u05e2\u05e0\u05e9 \u05de\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d3\u05dd \u05e1\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05ea\u05d5\u05da \u05e9\u05e8\u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d9\u05d5\u05d3\u05e2 \u05d5\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05d0\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d8\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d5\u05de&#8221;\u05de \u05db\u05dc \u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05e2\u05d5\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d1\u05e2 \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d8\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05d5\u05d1\u05de\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d9\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0 \u05de\u05d4\u05dd \u05d0\u05e2&#8221;\u05e4 \u05e9\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d2\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9 \u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e0\u05db\u05dc\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d4\u05dd \u05de\u05db\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d0\u05e4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5 \u05db\u05db\u05d4\u05df \u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05db\u05d0\u05df \u05d7\u05e9\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d8\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d5 \u05e9\u05d4\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d0\u05e3 \u05d1\u05e9\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05e2\u05d5\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d5\u05db\u05dc \u05e9\u05db\u05df \u05d0\u05dd \u05d7\u05e7\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea\u05d5 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d3\u05e2\u05ea \u05dc\u05d1\u05d0 \u05e2\u05d3 \u05ea\u05db\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e2\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d0\u05dd \u05d9\u05de\u05e6\u05d0\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05de\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d7\u05d6\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d5\u05d9\u05ea\u05d2\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d5\u05db\u05dc \u05e9\u05db\u05df \u05d0\u05dd \u05e2\u05d5\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d5\u05de\u05e7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9 \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e9\u05de\u05d4 \u05d0\u05e3 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d0\u05e8 \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d1\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d0 \u05de\u05e9\u05d1\u05e2 \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea: &nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>VIII. Other Mitzvot<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>12. Rambam, Hilchot Melachim 10:9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>A Ben Noach who wants to perform any of the other mitzvot of the Torah (besides Torah study and Shabbat observance), in order to be rewarded for his devotions, we do not prevent him from doing them in accordance with their <em>halachot<\/em>. And if he brings an elevation-offering, we accept it from him. If he gives tzedakah, we accept it from him. And it seems to me that we would even distribute it to the poor of Israel.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">\u05d1\u05b6\u05bc\u05df \u05e0\u05b9\u05d7\u05b7 \u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05e8\u05b8\u05e6\u05b8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05b7\u05e2\u05b2\u05e9\u05c2\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea \u05de\u05b4\u05e6\u05b0\u05d5\u05b8\u05d4 \u05de\u05b4\u05e9\u05b0\u05bc\u05c1\u05d0\u05b8\u05e8 \u05de\u05b4\u05e6\u05b0\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea \u05d4\u05b7\u05ea\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8\u05b8\u05d4 \u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05d3\u05b5\u05d9 \u05dc\u05b0\u05e7\u05b7\u05d1\u05b5\u05bc\u05dc \u05e9\u05b8\u05c2\u05db\u05b8\u05e8. \u05d0\u05b5\u05d9\u05df \u05de\u05d5\u05b9\u05e0\u05b0\u05e2\u05b4\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea\u05d5\u05b9 \u05dc\u05b7\u05e2\u05b2\u05e9\u05c2\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea\u05b8\u05d4\u05bc \u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05d4\u05b4\u05dc\u05b0\u05db\u05b8\u05ea\u05b8\u05d4\u05bc. \u05d5\u05b0\u05d0\u05b4\u05dd \u05d4\u05b5\u05d1\u05b4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05e2\u05d5\u05b9\u05dc\u05b8\u05d4 \u05de\u05b0\u05e7\u05b7\u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9\u05df \u05de\u05b4\u05de\u05b6\u05bc\u05e0\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc. \u05e0\u05b8\u05ea\u05b7\u05df \u05e6\u05b0\u05d3\u05b8\u05e7\u05b8\u05d4 \u05de\u05b0\u05e7\u05b7\u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9\u05df \u05de\u05b4\u05de\u05b6\u05bc\u05e0\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc. \u05d5\u05b0\u05d9\u05b5\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u05b6\u05d4 \u05dc\u05b4\u05d9 \u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05e0\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea\u05b0\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea\u05b8\u05d4\u05bc \u05dc\u05b7\u05e2\u05b2\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9\u05b5\u05bc\u05d9 \u05d9\u05b4\u05e9\u05b0\u05c2\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc. \u05d4\u05d5\u05b9\u05d0\u05b4\u05d9\u05dc \u05d5\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 \u05e0\u05b4\u05d6\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05df \u05de\u05b4\u05d9\u05b4\u05bc\u05e9\u05b0\u05c2\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc \u05d5\u05bc\u05de\u05b4\u05e6\u05b0\u05d5\u05b8\u05d4 \u05e2\u05b2\u05dc\u05b5\u05d9\u05d4\u05b6\u05dd \u05dc\u05b0\u05d4\u05b7\u05d7\u05b0\u05d9\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea\u05d5\u05b9. \u05d0\u05b2\u05d1\u05b8\u05dc \u05d4\u05b8\u05e2\u05b7\u05db\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc&#8221;\u05dd \u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05e0\u05b8\u05bc\u05ea\u05b7\u05df \u05e6\u05b0\u05d3\u05b8\u05e7\u05b8\u05d4 \u05de\u05b0\u05e7\u05b7\u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9\u05df \u05de\u05b4\u05de\u05b6\u05bc\u05e0\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc \u05d5\u05b0\u05e0\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea\u05b0\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea\u05b8\u05d4\u05bc \u05dc\u05b7\u05e2\u05b2\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9\u05b5\u05bc\u05d9 \u05e2\u05b7\u05db\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc&#8221;\u05dd: &nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>13. Chiddushei Hatam Sofer, Chullin 33a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>See the Rambam (Hilchot Melachim 10:9), where it appears that [the Rambam] differentiates between a non-Jew and a Ben Noach. For [the Ben Noach] has accepted upon himself not to worship idols, and therefore he is permitted to observe the Sabbath and to fulfill any commandments he wishes to. Additionally, we accept sacrificial offerings from him, we teach him Torah, and we accept tzedakah from him. This does not contradict the principle that \u201ca non-Jew who observes the Sabbath is liable to the death penalty\u201d; a non-Jew who does not worship idols is permitted to observe the Sabbath. This answers the challenge brought in the gemara, \u201cso let this be counted amongst the Seven Mitzvot!\u201d. It seems to me that Rambam bases his ruling on Nedarim 31a, where it is stated, \u201can idol-worshipper can observe mitzvot although they are not commanded to do so\u201d. The implication here is also that they are not <em>forbidden<\/em> to do so. [Now the halacha follows the anonymous opinion in Nedarim, for it is a later tractate than the rest of the Talmud.]<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\">\u05d5\u05e2\u05d9\u05d9\u05df \u05e8\u05de\u05d1&#8221;\u05dd \u05e4&#8217; \u05d9\u05d5\u05d3 \u05de\u05de\u05dc\u05db\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4&#8217; \u05d8&#8217; \u05d5\u05d4&#8217; \u05d9\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e9\u05e0\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05e9\u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05e7 \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05e2\u05db\u05d5&#8221;\u05dd \u05dc\u05d1\u05df \u05e0\u05d7 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5 \u05e7\u05d9\u05d1\u05dc \u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d0 \u05dc\u05e2\u05e2&#8221;\u05d6 \u05d5\u05d6\u05d4 \u05de\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05dc\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05dc\u05e7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d9\u05e8\u05e6\u05d4 \u05d5\u05de\u05d6\u05d4 \u05de\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05de\u05dc\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d5 \u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d5\u05de\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05de\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e6\u05d3\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e9\u05ea\u05d0 \u05dc\u05e7&#8221;\u05de \u05de\u05d2\u05d5\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05de\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d9\u05db\u05d0 \u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d4\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d2\u05dd \u05d2\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d0\u05dd \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e2\u05e2&#8221;\u05d6 \u05de\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05dc\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea. \u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05e9\u05d1 \u05e7&#8217; \u05e9&#8221;\u05e1 \u05d5\u05dc\u05d7\u05e9\u05d1\u05d9&#8217; \u05d1\u05d4\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d6&#8217; \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e0&#8221;\u05dc \u05e8\u05de\u05d1&#8221;\u05dd \u05e1\u05de\u05d5\u05da \u05d0\u05e9&#8221;\u05e1 \u05e0\u05d3\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc&#8221;\u05d0 \u05e2&#8221;\u05d0 \u05e2\u05d5\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05dd \u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05e9\u05de\u05e2 \u05d2\u05dd \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05dd \u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05d4 \u05db\u05e1\u05ea\u05dd \u05d3\u05e0\u05d3\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d3\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d1\u05ea\u05e8\u05d0 \u05d8\u05e4\u05d9 \u05de\u05e1\u05ea\u05dd \u05e9&#8221;\u05e1 \u05d3\u05e9\u05d0\u05e8\u05d9 \u05de\u05e1\u05db\u05ea\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05d7\u05e8: &nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/sukkatshalom-bneinoach.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/SHABBAT.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pdf <\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>By Rabbi Tani Burton<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sukkatshalom-bneinoach.com\/category\/rabbi-burton\/\">More shiurim of Rabbi Tani Burton <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u00a9 Copyright, all rights reserved. If you enjoyed this article, we encourage you to distribute it further.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our blogs may contain text\/quotes\/references\/links that include copyright material of <a href=\"https:\/\/mechon-mamre.org\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mechon-Mamre.org<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/aish.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Aish.com<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sefaria.org\/texts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sefaria.org<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chabad.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Chabad.org<\/a>, and\/or <a href=\"https:\/\/asknoah.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">AskNoah.org<\/a>, which we use in accordance with their policies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u05d1\u05e1&#8221;\u05d3 The heaven and the earth were finished, and all their array. On the seventh day G-d finished the work that He had undertaken: [G-d] ceased on the seventh day from doing any of the work. And G-d blessed the seventh day and declared it holy\u2014having ceased on it from all the work of creation [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20225,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20221","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-llectures"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>CAN NOAHIDES OBSERVE SHABBAT? - Sukkat Shalom B&#039;nei Noach<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A question on many people&#039;s minds, what is allowed and what is not?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sukkatshalom-bneinoach.com\/fr\/can-noahides-observe-shabbat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"CAN NOAHIDES OBSERVE SHABBAT? 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