{"id":21418,"date":"2025-06-01T04:20:18","date_gmt":"2025-06-01T03:20:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sukkatshalom-bneinoach.com\/?p=21418"},"modified":"2025-08-23T20:18:15","modified_gmt":"2025-08-23T19:18:15","slug":"the-severity-of-theft-accoring-to-the-noahide-laws-and-jewish-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sukkatshalom-bneinoach.com\/fr\/the-severity-of-theft-accoring-to-the-noahide-laws-and-jewish-law\/","title":{"rendered":"LA GRAVIT\u00c9 DU VOL SELON LES LOIS NOAHIDES ET LA LOI JUIVE"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u05d1\u05e1 \"\u05d3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">UNE R\u00c9FLEXION SUR <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sukkatshalom-bneinoach.com\/fr\/parasja\/\">PARSHAT<\/a> <\/strong>NASO 5785<br><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Fondement biblique : Nombres 5:6-7<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mechon-mamre.org\/p\/pt\/pt0405.htm?v=fa603a5d05\">Nombres 5: 6-7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>6<\/strong>&nbsp;Parlez aux enfants d\u2019Isra\u00ebl : Lorsqu\u2019un homme ou une femme commet un p\u00e9ch\u00e9 quelconque, commettant ainsi une transgression contre l\u2019\u00c9ternel, et que cette personne est coupable ;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\"><strong>\u05d5<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u05d3\u05b7\u05bc\u05d1\u05b5\u05bc\u05e8, \u05d0\u05b6\u05dc-\u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e0\u05b5\u05d9 \u05d9\u05b4\u05e9\u05b0\u05c2\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc, \u05d0\u05b4\u05d9\u05e9\u05c1 \u05d0\u05d5\u05b9-\u05d0\u05b4\u05e9\u05b8\u05bc\u05c1\u05d4 \u05db\u05b4\u05bc\u05d9 \u05d9\u05b7\u05e2\u05b2\u05e9\u05c2\u05d5\u05bc \u05de\u05b4\u05db\u05b8\u05bc\u05dc-\u05d7\u05b7\u05d8\u05b9\u05bc\u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05b8\u05d0\u05b8\u05d3\u05b8\u05dd, \u05dc\u05b4\u05de\u05b0\u05e2\u05b9\u05dc \u05de\u05b7\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc \u05d1\u05b7\u05bc\u05d3&#039;; \u05d5\u05b0\u05d0\u05b8\u05e9\u05b0\u05c1\u05de\u05b8\u05d4, \u05d4\u05b7\u05e0\u05b6\u05bc\u05e4\u05b6\u05e9\u05c1 \u05d4\u05b7\u05d4\u05b4\u05d5\u05d0.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>7<\/strong>&nbsp;Ils confesseront alors le p\u00e9ch\u00e9 qu&#039;ils ont commis ; et il r\u00e9parera int\u00e9gralement sa faute, y ajoutera un cinqui\u00e8me et le remettra \u00e0 celui envers qui il a \u00e9t\u00e9 coupable.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-right\" data-align=\"right\"><strong>\u05d6<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u05d5\u05b0\u05d4\u05b4\u05ea\u05b0\u05d5\u05b7\u05d3\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc, \u05d0\u05b6\u05ea-\u05d7\u05b7\u05d8\u05b8\u05bc\u05d0\u05ea\u05b8\u05dd \u05d0\u05b2\u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05e8 \u05e2\u05b8\u05e9\u05c2\u05d5\u05bc, \u05d5\u05b0\u05d4\u05b5\u05e9\u05b4\u05c1\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d0\u05b6\u05ea-\u05d0\u05b2\u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05de\u05d5\u05b9 \u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e8\u05b9\u05d0\u05e9\u05c1\u05d5\u05b9, \u05d5\u05b7\u05d7\u05b2\u05de\u05b4\u05d9\u05e9\u05b4\u05c1\u05ea\u05d5\u05b9 \u05d9\u05b9\u05e1\u05b5\u05e3 \u05e2\u05b8\u05dc\u05b8\u05d9\u05d5; \u05d5\u05b0\u05e0\u05b8\u05ea\u05b7\u05df, \u05dc\u05b7\u05d0\u05b2\u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05e8 \u05d0\u05b8\u05e9\u05b7\u05c1\u05dd \u05dc\u05d5\u05b9.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces versets de la Torah posent les fondements de la compr\u00e9hension de la r\u00e9ponse spirituelle et juridique au p\u00e9ch\u00e9 \u2014 en particulier au vol \u2014 et de l&#039;importance de <strong>confession<\/strong>, <strong>restitution<\/strong>et <strong>r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration suppl\u00e9mentaire<\/strong>. Bien que destin\u00e9es \u00e0 l&#039;origine aux Isra\u00e9lites, elles contiennent des principes de justice intemporels qui servent \u00e9galement de guide \u00e9thique aux non-Juifs vivant selon les lois noahides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>La gravit\u00e9 du vol selon les lois noahides et la loi juive<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9 moderne, le vol est souvent per\u00e7u comme un acte r\u00e9pr\u00e9hensible courant \u2013 certes immoral, mais pas n\u00e9cessairement mortel ni irr\u00e9parable. Cependant, d&#039;un point de vue biblique et halakhique (loi juive), l&#039;approche du vol est bien plus stricte. Tant dans les lois noahides, qui s&#039;appliquent aux non-Juifs, que dans la loi juive (Halakha), le vol est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une transgression extr\u00eamement grave \u2013 m\u00eame lorsqu&#039;il porte sur une somme apparemment insignifiante. Il s&#039;agit d&#039;un p\u00e9ch\u00e9 si grave car il sape la confiance fondamentale entre les personnes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le Talmud enseigne que <strong>Celui qui vole son prochain est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme s&#039;il l&#039;avait tu\u00e9.<\/strong> (Bava Kama 119a). Cette comparaison saisissante r\u00e9v\u00e8le le profond pr\u00e9judice moral caus\u00e9 par le vol\u00a0: il d\u00e9robe non seulement des biens mat\u00e9riels, mais aussi la dignit\u00e9, la confiance et la tranquillit\u00e9 d\u2019esprit. D\u00e8s lors, le vol devient non seulement une infraction l\u00e9gale, mais une blessure spirituelle inflig\u00e9e \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>&nbsp;Le vol selon les lois noahides : un crime capital<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Voir <em>Choulkhan Aroukh HaRav<\/em>, Lois sur le vol, point 23\u00a0: Il est interdit aux non-Juifs de commettre des vols et des extorsions, au m\u00eame titre qu\u2019aux Juifs, car cela fait partie des sept commandements noahides. Ils sont passibles de la peine capitale pour vol avec violence ou vol commis sur autrui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le vol sous toutes ses formes \u2013 qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de biens mat\u00e9riels, de temps ou de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle \u2013 est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un p\u00e9ch\u00e9 grave. Le rabbin Moshe Weiner le souligne dans <em>Le Code Divin<\/em> Il n&#039;existe aucun seuil minimal pour l&#039;interdiction du vol. M\u00eame si un non-Juif vole une somme d&#039;argent insignifiante, il est coupable d&#039;un p\u00e9ch\u00e9 capital selon la Torah. Cela souligne la gravit\u00e9 de cette transgression aux yeux de Dieu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il est important de noter que, si la peine est th\u00e9oriquement capitale, elle n&#039;est pas appliqu\u00e9e en pratique aujourd&#039;hui. L&#039;accent est plut\u00f4t mis sur le repentir et la r\u00e9paration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Diverses opinions sur la restitution<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il existe diff\u00e9rentes opinions rabbiniques sur la question de savoir si un non-Juif doit restituer ce qu&#039;il a vol\u00e9\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L&#039;\u00e9cole Tosafot soutient que, bien que la restitution de l&#039;objet vol\u00e9 n&#039;exempte pas le voleur de la peine capitale, elle n&#039;en demeure pas moins une obligation morale et l\u00e9gale. Un tribunal peut contraindre un non-Juif \u00e0 restituer l&#039;objet vol\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rachi affirme cependant que si le voleur est d\u00e9j\u00e0 passible de la peine capitale, le tribunal ne peut lui infliger une peine moindre telle que la restitution. Ce serait une forme de double incrimination. Puisque le coupable est puni de la peine la plus lourde, il est inutile de lui infliger la peine moindre. N\u00e9anmoins, l&#039;objet vol\u00e9 appartient toujours l\u00e9galement \u00e0 la victime, qui peut le r\u00e9clamer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bien qu&#039;il n&#039;existe pas de sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 <em>commandement positif<\/em> Pour que les non-Juifs restituent un bien vol\u00e9, ils sont n\u00e9anmoins tenus de cesser leur transgression. Cela signifie qu&#039;ils doivent rendre l&#039;objet vol\u00e9 ou en rembourser la valeur. Ceci s&#039;inscrit dans l&#039;obligation noachide plus large d&#039;\u00e9tablir un syst\u00e8me juridique juste, qui comprend l&#039;interdiction de l&#039;inaction judiciaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bien que la peine de mort ne soit plus appliqu\u00e9e de nos jours, l&#039;accent est mis sur le repentir et la r\u00e9paration. Les principes juridiques juifs peuvent servir de guide moral pour d\u00e9terminer ce qui est juste et \u00e9quitable. Le rabbin Yonatan Shteif aborde ce sujet dans [r\u00e9f\u00e9rence manquante]. <em>Mitsvot HaShem<\/em> (pp. 444\u2013448, Mitzvot 49, 55, 56), citant le Ramban sur Deut\u00e9ronome 34:13, qui d\u00e9clare que l\u2019ensemble du commandement de Dinim doit \u00eatre compris selon la loi juive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Droit juif\u00a0: confession et compensation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La Torah aborde les principes du repentir et de la r\u00e9paration des p\u00e9ch\u00e9s, y compris le vol, dans Nombres 5:6-7 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u00a0Si un homme ou une femme commet un p\u00e9ch\u00e9, une offense contre l\u2019\u00c9ternel, et qu\u2019il ou elle se sent coupable, alors il ou elle confessera son p\u00e9ch\u00e9. Il ou elle r\u00e9parera pleinement son tort, y ajoutera un cinqui\u00e8me et donnera le reste \u00e0 celui ou celle contre qui il ou elle a p\u00e9ch\u00e9.\u00a0\u201d (Nombres 5:6-7)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bien que cela s&#039;applique aux Juifs, cela peut servir de guide moral aux non-Juifs qui souhaitent suivre les lois noahides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration comprend\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Aveu de culpabilit\u00e9 (<em>Viduy<\/em>),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Restituer l&#039;objet vol\u00e9 (<em>Hashavat Gezeilah<\/em>),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Une amende d&#039;un cinqui\u00e8me (20%) ajout\u00e9e \u00e0 la valeur de l&#039;objet vol\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une amende d&#039;un cinqui\u00e8me (20%) est ajout\u00e9e \u00e0 la valeur de l&#039;objet vol\u00e9.<br>Chizkuni, commentant Nombres 5:6, explique que cette amende suppl\u00e9mentaire de 20% s&#039;applique lorsque le voleur avoue volontairement. En revanche, si des t\u00e9moins sont pr\u00e9sents et que l&#039;aveu n&#039;est pas libre, le voleur doit payer une amende double, soit deux fois un cinqui\u00e8me (c&#039;est-\u00e0-dire 40%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Or HaChaim remarque que si l&#039;interdiction du vol est formul\u00e9e au pluriel, le langage passe au singulier lorsqu&#039;il est question de confession et de restitution. Il explique que la confession est une obligation universelle\u00a0: chacun doit examiner ses propres actes. Nous devrions tous nous demander si nous avons fait du tort \u00e0 autrui, si nous avons utilis\u00e9 nos heures de travail \u00e0 des fins personnelles ou si nous avons emprunt\u00e9 quelque chose (comme un stylo) sans le rendre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En mati\u00e8re de compensation, la Torah fait preuve de compassion. Elle tient compte de la situation financi\u00e8re du fautif. Par exemple, une personne pauvre peut \u00eatre autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 faire une offrande moins co\u00fbteuse. Cela d\u00e9montre que la loi juive est non seulement juste, mais aussi compatissante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le vol n&#039;est pas seulement une infraction l\u00e9gale\u00a0; c&#039;est une offense spirituelle \u2013 une rupture de confiance entre les personnes et une r\u00e9bellion contre l&#039;autorit\u00e9 de Dieu. La Torah enseigne, tant pour les Juifs que pour les non-Juifs, que m\u00eame le plus petit vol doit \u00eatre pris au s\u00e9rieux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les lois noahides le soulignent en classant le vol comme un crime capital \u2013 non pas pour appliquer la peine de mort aujourd&#039;hui, mais pour mettre en \u00e9vidence la gravit\u00e9 de ce p\u00e9ch\u00e9. La loi juive, quant \u00e0 elle, propose une approche \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e qui repose sur la confession, la restitution et la responsabilisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c0 une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 la boussole morale de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est de plus en plus mise \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9preuve, cette perspective divine demeure un phare \u00e9clatant de justice et d&#039;\u00e9thique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Par Angelique Sijbolts<\/strong><br><strong>Nous remercions le rabbin Moshe Bernstein pour ses commentaires. <\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sources d'information<\/strong><br><br>Le Code divin du rabbin Moshe Weiner, partie VII, p. 480, 496, 497, 498<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><br>Voir aussi\u00a0: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sukkatshalom-bneinoach.com\/fr\/2025\/04\/19\/how-to-become-a-consious-noahide\/\">COMMENT DEVENIR UN NOACHIDE CONSCIENT<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"about:blank\"><\/a><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mechon-mamre.org\/index.htm\"><strong>Textes Mechon Mamre<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a9 Copyright, tous droits r\u00e9serv\u00e9s. Si vous avez appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 cet article, nous vous encourageons \u00e0 le diffuser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nos blogs peuvent contenir du texte, des citations, des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences ou des liens qui comprennent des \u00e9l\u00e9ments prot\u00e9g\u00e9s par le droit d'auteur de <a href=\"https:\/\/mechon-mamre.org\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mechon-Mamre.org<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/aish.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Aish.com<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sefaria.org\/texts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sefaria.org<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chabad.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Chabad.org<\/a>et\/ou <a href=\"https:\/\/asknoah.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">AskNoah.org<\/a>que nous utilisons conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 leurs politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u05d1\u05e1&#8221;\u05d3 A THOUGHT ABOUT PARSHAT NASO 5785 Biblical Foundation: Numbers 5:6\u20137 Numbers 5: 6-7 6&nbsp;Speak unto the children of Israel: When a man or woman shall commit any sin that men commit, to commit a trespass against the L-RD, and that soul be guilty; \u05d5&nbsp;&nbsp;\u05d3\u05b7\u05bc\u05d1\u05b5\u05bc\u05e8, \u05d0\u05b6\u05dc-\u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e0\u05b5\u05d9 \u05d9\u05b4\u05e9\u05b0\u05c2\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc, \u05d0\u05b4\u05d9\u05e9\u05c1 \u05d0\u05d5\u05b9-\u05d0\u05b4\u05e9\u05b8\u05bc\u05c1\u05d4 \u05db\u05b4\u05bc\u05d9 \u05d9\u05b7\u05e2\u05b2\u05e9\u05c2\u05d5\u05bc \u05de\u05b4\u05db\u05b8\u05bc\u05dc-\u05d7\u05b7\u05d8\u05b9\u05bc\u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05b8\u05d0\u05b8\u05d3\u05b8\u05dd, \u05dc\u05b4\u05de\u05b0\u05e2\u05b9\u05dc \u05de\u05b7\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23158,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"[]"},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-thought-about-the-parshah"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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