{"id":22309,"date":"2025-08-04T20:55:47","date_gmt":"2025-08-04T19:55:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sukkatshalom-bneinoach.com\/?p=21699"},"modified":"2025-08-17T14:37:32","modified_gmt":"2025-08-17T13:37:32","slug":"parshat-vetchanan-going-beyond-the-letter-of-the-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sukkatshalom-bneinoach.com\/fr\/parshat-vetchanan-going-beyond-the-letter-of-the-law\/","title":{"rendered":"PARSHAT V'ETCHANAN - ALLER AU-DEL\u00c0 DE LA LETTRE DE LA LOI"},"content":{"rendered":"


<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u05d1\u05e1 \"\u05d3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V'etchanan (Deut\u00e9ronome 3:23-7:11<\/a> )<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Et vous ferez ce qui est juste et bon aux yeux de Dieu afin qu\u2019il vous fasse du bien et que vous veniez h\u00e9riter du pays que Dieu a promis de donner \u00e0 vos anc\u00eatres. \u201d (1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les commentateurs \u00e9crivent que ce verset, qui appara\u00eet vers la fin de la portion de la Torah, est \u00e0 l'origine du principe qui consiste \u00e0 \u2018\u00a0aller au-del\u00e0 de la lettre de la loi\u00a0\u201d (2). Cela nous enseigne la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d'\u00e9viter d'\u00eatre medakdek <\/em>(exigeant) en mati\u00e8re de droit et \u00eatre mevater <\/em>(Pardonner) ce qui nous revient de droit dans certaines situations. Par exemple, lorsqu'une personne retrouve un objet perdu qui halakhiquement <\/em>(L\u00e9galement) il est autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 le garder, mais il conna\u00eet l'identit\u00e9 du propri\u00e9taire initial. Les rabbins nous disent que m\u00eame s'il est techniquement permis de conserver l'objet, il doit n\u00e9anmoins le restituer.(3) Un autre exemple est celui de la vente d'un bien immobilier\u00a0: les acheteurs potentiels devraient donner la priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 la personne qui habite \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9, car c'est elle qui a le plus \u00e0 gagner en achetant ce bien.(4) En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, il existe de nombreux cas o\u00f9 il convient d'aller au-del\u00e0 de la lettre de la loi. Le Ramban \u00e9crit que la Torah ne voulait pas tous les \u00e9noncer explicitement\u00a0; nous devons plut\u00f4t tirer de ce verset la le\u00e7on qu'il faut constamment s'efforcer de traiter les gens avec compr\u00e9hension et \u00e9viter de toujours les traiter selon la lettre stricte de la loi.(5) La Guemara nous dit que le Temple a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truit parce que les gens \u00e9taient exigeants les uns envers les autres et les traitaient selon la lettre stricte de la loi.(6) Cela semble difficile \u00e0 comprendre\u00a0: on pourrait penser que le concept m\u00eame d'aller au-del\u00e0 de la lettre de la loi implique une certaine rigueur et que ne pas la suivre ne m\u00e9riterait pas une telle s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9. punition. Pourquoi le peuple juif a-t-il \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9 si durement pour \u00eatre medakdek <\/em>l'un sur l'autre ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il semble que le fait de ne pas traiter les gens \u2018 au-del\u00e0 de la lettre de la loi \u2019 refl\u00e8te un d\u00e9faut profond dans l'attitude d'une personne envers le service de Dieu. Le rabbin Yitzchak Berkovits explique, en se basant sur le Ramban \u00e0 propos de ce verset, que \u2018v'asita hayashar vehatov<\/em>\u2018est l'\u00e9quivalent, dans les relations interpersonnelles, de\u2018kedoshim tehyu<\/em>\u2018\u00a0Le Ramban, dans Kedoshim, explique qu'une personne peut observer toutes les mitsvot et pourtant \u00eatre une\u2026\u00a0\u2018menuval b'reshut HaTorah<\/em>.Cela signifie qu'il veille \u00e0 ne transgresser aucune mitsvot, mais qu'en m\u00eame temps, il ne cherche pas \u00e0 s'\u00e9lever spirituellement dans des domaines qui ne sont ni des mitsvot ni des p\u00e9ch\u00e9s, comme manger et dormir. La raison sous-jacente de son mode de vie est qu'il croit en la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de la Torah et qu'il faut donc l'observer, mais il n'adh\u00e8re pas \u00e0 la v\u00e9ritable perspective de la Torah\u00a0: il ne cherche pas \u00e0 s'\u00e9lever spirituellement, ses objectifs \u00e9tant plut\u00f4t mat\u00e9riels, comme satisfaire ses d\u00e9sirs physiques et acqu\u00e9rir des richesses. Du fait de sa reconnaissance de la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de la Torah, il ne p\u00e9chera jamais d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment, mais il ne manifestera aucun int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 s'\u00e9lever spirituellement dans des domaines o\u00f9 il n'y est pas techniquement tenu. (7)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De m\u00eame, dans le domaine des relations interpersonnelles, une personne peut reconna\u00eetre la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de suivre les lois de la Torah sans pour autant souhaiter int\u00e9grer les valeurs qui les sous-tendent. Ainsi, elle s'en tiendra toujours \u00e0 la lettre de la loi, mais n'h\u00e9sitera pas \u00e0 saisir la moindre occasion de gain financier, m\u00eame techniquement permise. La Torah lui indique qu'elle commet une grave erreur en lui enjoignant de \u201c faire ce qui est juste et bon \u201d, d'agir \u2018 au-del\u00e0 de la lettre de la loi \u2019, de traiter autrui avec mis\u00e9ricorde et de ne pas \u00eatre medakdek <\/em>En toutes circonstances, la Torah nous enseigne \u00e0 cultiver un amour sinc\u00e8re pour notre prochain et \u00e0 le traiter comme nous souhaiterions \u00eatre trait\u00e9s\u00a0: avec pardon et compassion. Ainsi, par exemple, si quelqu\u2019un a perdu un objet de valeur, un Juif ne doit pas h\u00e9siter \u00e0 le lui rendre, m\u00eame s\u2019il n\u2019y est pas tenu\u00a0; de m\u00eame, si une personne pauvre vous doit une somme importante, il convient d\u2019agir avec souplesse et compassion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cela permet de comprendre pourquoi une punition si s\u00e9v\u00e8re \u00e9tait inflig\u00e9e lorsque les Juifs se traitaient les uns les autres avec rigueur \u2013 ils n'avaient pas retenu la le\u00e7on de \u2018hayashar b'hatov<\/em>\u2018\u00a0Il n\u2019est pas juste de traiter son prochain juif de mani\u00e8re dure et impitoyable, car cela ne correspond pas \u00e0 l\u2019esprit des relations interpersonnelles pr\u00f4n\u00e9 par la Torah.\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les commentateurs rel\u00e8vent une autre difficult\u00e9 avec la Guemara qui affirme que le Temple fut d\u00e9truit parce que le peuple \u00e9tait trop strict les uns envers les autres. D'autres Guesmaras donnent des raisons diff\u00e9rentes pour ces destructions, telles que le meurtre, l'idol\u00e2trie, l'immoralit\u00e9 et la haine gratuite (8). Rav Yitzchak de Volozhin r\u00e9pondit \u00e0 cette question apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 t\u00e9moin de l'incident suivant. Un homme avait calomni\u00e9 son prochain et venait la veille de Yom Kippour demander pardon. La victime refusa de lui pardonner, invoquant la loi selon laquelle on n'est pas tenu de pardonner la calomnie. Rav Yitzchak l'interrogea sur cette contradiction dans les Guesmaras. Il expliqua que les Temples furent d\u00e9truits \u00e0 cause des p\u00e9ch\u00e9s graves \u00e9num\u00e9r\u00e9s dans d'autres Guesmaras. Cependant, il souligna que les rabbins enseignent que lorsque les gens se comportent les uns envers les autres avec souplesse et sans \u00eatre trop stricts sur chaque d\u00e9tail, Dieu agit avec mesure et pardonne m\u00eame les p\u00e9ch\u00e9s les plus graves. Cependant, voyant la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 avec laquelle les gens se traitaient, Dieu, par sa fermet\u00e9, choisit de ne pas pardonner leurs autres p\u00e9ch\u00e9s. De m\u00eame, Rav Yitzchak dit \u00e0 celui qui \u00e9tait impitoyable : \u00ab Si tu traites ton prochain avec autant d'exigence, attends-toi \u00e0 ce que Dieu te traite de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re. \u00bb L'homme comprit la le\u00e7on et pardonna au calomniateur. Puissions-nous tous m\u00e9riter de traiter les autres comme nous aimerions \u00eatre trait\u00e9s et que Dieu r\u00e9agisse de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Par le rabbin Yehonasan Gefen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Notes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Va'eschanan, 6:18.<\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Voir Rashi et Ramban.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Bava Metsia, 30b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Bava Metsia, 108a<\/a>. Ceci est connu sous le nom de, '\u2018Din d'bar metsra<\/em>.'\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Ramban, Va'eschanan, ibid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Bava Metsia, 30b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Voir mon article sur Parsas Vayeira sur la fa\u00e7on dont Lot incarnait cette dichotomie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. On ne sait pas clairement \u00e0 quel Beis HaMikdash la Gemara dans Bava Metsia fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    PORTION HEBDOMADAIRE DE LA TORAH<\/strong>,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    La lumi\u00e8re qui guide<\/a>
    par     Rabbin Yehonasan Gefen<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    Lire la suite de l'article de Aish.com<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00a9 Copyright, tous droits r\u00e9serv\u00e9s. Si vous avez appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 cet article, nous vous encourageons \u00e0 le diffuser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Nos blogs peuvent contenir du texte, des citations, des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences ou des liens qui comprennent des \u00e9l\u00e9ments prot\u00e9g\u00e9s par le droit d'auteur de Mechon-Mamre.org<\/a>, Aish.com<\/a>, Sefaria.org<\/a>, Chabad.org<\/a>et\/ou AskNoah.org<\/a>que nous utilisons conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 leurs politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u05d1\u05e1”\u05d3 V’etchanan (Deuteronomy 3:23-7:11 ) “And you will do that which is right and good in the eyes of G-d so that He will do good to you and you will come and inherit the land which G-d promised to give to your forefathers.” (1) The commentaries write that this verse which appears towards the end of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":22336,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-parshot-of-the-rabbis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPARSHAT V'ETCHANAN - GOING BEYOND THE LETTER OF THE LAW - Sukkat Shalom B'nei Noach<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"May we all merit to treat each other how we would like to be treated ourselves and that G-d should react in a similar fashion.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sukkatshalom-bneinoach.com\/fr\/parshat-vetchanan-going-beyond-the-letter-of-the-law\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PARSHAT V'ETCHANAN - 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