{"id":23629,"date":"2025-11-01T21:36:43","date_gmt":"2025-11-01T20:36:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sukkatshalom-bneinoach.com\/?p=23629"},"modified":"2025-11-01T21:48:24","modified_gmt":"2025-11-01T20:48:24","slug":"should-noahides-give-tzedakah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sukkatshalom-bneinoach.com\/fr\/should-noahides-give-tzedakah\/","title":{"rendered":"LES NOACHIDES DEVRAIENT-ILS FAIRE LA TZEDAKAH ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><strong>\u05d1\u05e1 \"\u05d3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">UNE R\u00c9FLEXION SUR&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sukkatshalom-bneinoach.com\/fr\/parasja\/\">PARSHAT<\/a>&nbsp;<\/strong>VAYERA 5786<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong> Le\u00e7ons de Sodome et Gomorrhe<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La question tir\u00e9e de Gen\u00e8se 18:17<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En <a href=\"https:\/\/mechon-mamre.org\/p\/pt\/pt0118.htm?2c30f1086d\"><strong>Gen\u00e8se 18:17<\/strong><\/a>, nous lisons :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>17<\/strong>&nbsp;Et le Seigneur dit : \u2018 Cacherai-je \u00e0 Abraham ce que je suis en train de faire ? \u00bb;<\/td><td><strong>\u05d9\u05d6<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u05d5\u05b7\u05d3&#039;, \u05d0\u05b8\u05de\u05b8\u05e8: \u05d4\u05b7\u05de\u05b0\u05db\u05b7\u05e1\u05b6\u05bc\u05d4 \u05d0\u05b2\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9 \u05de\u05b5\u05d0\u05b7\u05d1\u05b0\u05e8\u05b8\u05d4\u05b8\u05dd, \u05d0\u05b2\u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05e8 \u05d0\u05b2\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9 \u05e2\u05b9\u05e9\u05b6\u05c2\u05d4.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Ceci marque le d\u00e9but de l&#039;histoire de <strong>Sodome et Gomorrhe<\/strong>. Dieu annonce \u00e0 Abraham ce qui va arriver\u00a0: la destruction des villes. Pourquoi Dieu r\u00e9v\u00e8le-t-il cela pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment \u00e0 Abraham\u00a0?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Explications classiques<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Rashi, Rashbam, Radak<\/strong>Abraham fut d\u00e9sign\u00e9 par Dieu comme propri\u00e9taire du pays. Puisque Sodome se trouve sur ce territoire, Dieu ne peut la d\u00e9truire sans en informer Abraham (Rachi)., <em>Gen\u00e8se 18:17<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Alshech, Malbim, Ha&#039;amek Davar<\/strong>Abraham fut appel\u00e9 \u00e0 enseigner la justice et la droiture \u00e0 ses enfants et \u00e0 sa descendance. Il devait donc conna\u00eetre le jugement de Dieu pour enseigner et guider (Malbim, <em>Gen\u00e8se 18<\/em> commentaire).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>On peut d\u00e9gager deux principaux raisonnements\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 du terrain<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L&#039;\u00e9ducation \u00e0 la justice<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans cet article, nous nous concentrerons sur le deuxi\u00e8me point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Le jugement sur Sodome<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le ch\u00e2timent inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 Sodome et Gomorrhe fut exceptionnellement s\u00e9v\u00e8re. Le proph\u00e8te <a href=\"https:\/\/mechon-mamre.org\/p\/pt\/pt0118.htm?2c30f1086d\"><strong>\u00c9z\u00e9chiel 16:49<\/strong><\/a> explique pourquoi :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>49<\/strong>&nbsp;Voici quel fut le p\u00e9ch\u00e9 de ta s\u0153ur Sodome : l\u2019orgueil, l\u2019abondance de pain et l\u2019insouciance \u00e9taient en elle et chez ses filles ; elle ne tendait pas la main au pauvre et au n\u00e9cessiteux.<\/td><td><strong>\u05de\u05d8<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u05d4\u05b4\u05e0\u05b5\u05bc\u05d4-\u05d6\u05b6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05b8\u05d9\u05b8\u05d4, \u05e2\u05b2\u05d5\u05ba\u05df \u05e1\u05b0\u05d3\u05b9\u05dd \u05d0\u05b2\u05d7\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea\u05b5\u05da\u05b0: \u05d2\u05b8\u05bc\u05d0\u05d5\u05b9\u05df \u05e9\u05b4\u05c2\u05d1\u05b0\u05e2\u05b7\u05ea-\u05dc\u05b6\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd \u05d5\u05b0\u05e9\u05b7\u05c1\u05dc\u05b0\u05d5\u05b7\u05ea \u05d4\u05b7\u05e9\u05b0\u05c1\u05e7\u05b5\u05d8, \u05d4\u05b8\u05d9\u05b8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05b8\u05d4\u05bc \u05d5\u05b0\u05dc\u05b4\u05d1\u05b0\u05e0\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea\u05b6\u05d9\u05d4\u05b8, \u05d5\u05b0\u05d9\u05b7\u05d3-\u05e2\u05b8\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9 \u05d5\u05b0\u05d0\u05b6\u05d1\u05b0\u05d9\u05d5\u05b9\u05df, \u05dc\u05b9\u05d0 \u05d4\u05b6\u05d7\u05b1\u05d6\u05b4\u05d9\u05e7\u05b8\u05d4.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>La racine de la chute de Sodome n&#039;\u00e9tait pas seulement la corruption morale, mais une <strong>rejet syst\u00e9matique de la gentillesse<\/strong>. Leur soci\u00e9t\u00e9 valorisait la richesse, le pouvoir et l&#039;ind\u00e9pendance, et consid\u00e9rait l&#039;aide aux pauvres comme un crime. Dans leur vision du monde, chacun devait se d\u00e9brouiller seul\u00a0; la compassion \u00e9tait per\u00e7ue comme une faiblesse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le Talmud (Sanhedrin 109b) illustre ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne par des exemples gla\u00e7ants de la mani\u00e8re dont Sodome institutionnalisait la cruaut\u00e9. Un r\u00e9cit poignant raconte l&#039;histoire d&#039;une jeune fille qui donna secr\u00e8tement du pain \u00e0 un mendiant affam\u00e9. Lorsque son acte de mis\u00e9ricorde fut d\u00e9couvert, les habitants la condamn\u00e8rent \u00e0 mort\u00a0: ils l&#039;enduisirent de miel et l&#039;expos\u00e8rent au soleil, o\u00f9 elle fut tu\u00e9e par les abeilles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce n&#039;\u00e9tait pas parce qu&#039;elle avait donn\u00e9 trop peu, ni parce que le mendiant \u00e9tait \u201c indigne \u201d, mais pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment parce qu&#039;elle <strong>tout donn\u00e9<\/strong>. Dans le syst\u00e8me juridique perverti de Sodome, <strong>La charit\u00e9 elle-m\u00eame \u00e9tait ill\u00e9gale<\/strong>. Les juges de la ville estimaient qu&#039;aider les n\u00e9cessiteux perturbait l&#039;ordre social\u00a0: les forts devaient rester forts, les faibles devaient p\u00e9rir. En criminalisant la compassion, ils ont perverti le sens m\u00eame de la justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les Sages utilisent ce r\u00e9cit pour montrer que la destruction de Sodome n&#039;\u00e9tait pas arbitraire. Elle \u00e9tait la cons\u00e9quence morale d&#039;une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui niait le devoir humain le plus fondamental\u00a0: prendre soin les uns des autres. Lorsque la g\u00e9n\u00e9rosit\u00e9 devient un crime, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 elle-m\u00eame devient intenable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Les sept lois noahides<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Divers sages juifs expliquent que tous les descendants de No\u00e9 ont le devoir d&#039;observer les Sept Lois de No\u00e9. <strong>Rambam<\/strong> (<em>Hilkhot Melachim<\/em> 9:14) codifie ces lois comme suit\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00c9tablissement des tribunaux de justice (dinim)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Interdiction du blasph\u00e8me<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Interdiction de l&#039;idol\u00e2trie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Interdiction de l&#039;immoralit\u00e9 sexuelle<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Interdiction du meurtre<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Interdiction du vol<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Interdiction de consommer la chair d&#039;un animal vivant<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>La question se pose : <strong>Le don de tzedakah rel\u00e8ve-t-il de ces sept lois ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Opinions diff\u00e9rentes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Rambam<\/strong> (<em>Hilkhot Melachim<\/em> 10:10) : Les Noachides sont <strong>non oblig\u00e9<\/strong> donner la tzedakah, mais peut le faire volontairement et recevoir une r\u00e9compense.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rachi<\/strong>: suit la m\u00eame ligne \u2013 non obligatoire.<br>(Voir le commentaire de Rachi sur Sanh\u00e9drin 56b)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ran (sur Sanh\u00e9drin 56b)<\/strong>Sodome fut punie pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment pour avoir manqu\u00e9 \u00e0 son devoir envers les pauvres. C&#039;est pourquoi les Noachides <strong>sont oblig\u00e9s<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ramban<\/strong>La Tzedakah fait partie de <em>dinim<\/em> \u2013 instaurer un syst\u00e8me juste. C\u2019est une obligation, mais pas un commandement distinct.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Le point de vue du Rabbi de Loubavitch<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le <strong>Rebbe Lubavitcher<\/strong> il unit ces opinions : il explique que la tzedakah est un commandement direct pour les Juifs, visant \u00e0 \u00e9lever le monde et \u00e0 en faire une demeure pour Dieu. Pour les Noachides, donner la tzedakah rel\u00e8ve du commandement plus large d&#039;\u00e9tablir une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 juste (<em>yishuv olam<\/em>Lorsque les Noachides font preuve de tzedakah et d\u00e9fendent la justice, ils contribuent \u00e0 stabiliser le monde et cr\u00e9ent un environnement propice au perfectionnement spirituel de la cr\u00e9ation par les Juifs. Ainsi, les Noachides pr\u00e9parent le monde \u00e0 sa perfection ultime et \u00e0 la venue du Messie, leurs actions contribuant tant sur le plan pratique que spirituel \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9dification d&#039;une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 juste (Likutei Sichot, vol. II, p. 409-411 ; Sterne, )., <em>La Torah comme le feu et l&#039;eau<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Combien un noahide doit-il donner ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il n&#039;existe pas d&#039;obligation halakhique fixe comme c&#039;est le cas pour les Juifs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Directive : 10% du revenu net peut \u00eatre fourni, mais ce n&#039;est pas obligatoire.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L&#039;important est de donner selon ses moyens : une personne plus pauvre donnera moins, une personne ais\u00e9e donnera davantage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La tzedakah ne se limite pas aux dons d&#039;argent : elle englobe l&#039;aide aux autres, le partage de repas, les visites aux malades, le b\u00e9n\u00e9volat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tzedakah et d\u00eeme<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La d\u00eeme (ma&#039;aser) est une obligation agricole juive li\u00e9e au Temple. Les Noachides n&#039;ont pas l&#039;obligation de donner la d\u00eeme, mais consacrer une partie de ses revenus \u00e0 la charit\u00e9 ou \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9tude de la Torah est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme louable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La destruction de Sodome nous enseigne qu&#039;une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui refuse de soutenir les pauvres et les n\u00e9cessiteux perd sa l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9. Pour les Noachides, donner la tzedakah :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Selon certaines autorit\u00e9s, il s&#039;agit d&#039;une obligation explicite en soi, distincte des sept cat\u00e9gories de droit,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Selon d&#039;autres, cela fait partie de l&#039;\u00e9tablissement d&#039;un syst\u00e8me juridique juste (dinim), ce qui signifie que ce n&#039;est pas un commandement s\u00e9par\u00e9, mais une sous-cat\u00e9gorie de <em>dinim<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>et selon Ma\u00efmonide, c&#039;est volontaire mais fortement recommand\u00e9 et tr\u00e8s gratifiant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>En donnant la tzedakah, les Noachides contribuent \u00e0 un monde o\u00f9 Dieu d\u00e9sire demeurer et pr\u00e9parent le monde \u00e0 \u00eatre purifi\u00e9 par les Juifs. Comme le disait le Rebbe en 1991\u00a0: <em>\u201c Le Messie est pr\u00eat \u00e0 venir ; il nous suffit de faire un effort suppl\u00e9mentaire en mati\u00e8re de bont\u00e9 et de bienveillance. \u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Par Angelique Sijbolts<\/strong><br><strong>Nous remercions le rabbin Tani Burton pour ses commentaires.<\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sources :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rachi, Rashbam, Radak sur Gen\u00e8se 18\u00a0:\u00a017<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Malbim, commentaire de Gen\u00e8se 18<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rambam, <em>Hilkhot Melachim<\/em> 9:14, 10:10<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Couru, <em>Sanh\u00e9drin<\/em> 56b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c9z\u00e9chiel 16:49<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Talmud, <em>Sanh\u00e9drin<\/em> 109b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Likout\u00e9i Sichot, Vol. II, p. 409-411<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sterne, <em>La Torah comme le feu et l&#039;eau<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Charit\u00e9 et d\u00eeme selon les Noahides \u2013 Forum AskNoah<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Voir Talmud Bavli, Sanh\u00e9drin 109b ;&nbsp;<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Midrash Rabbah, Gen\u00e8se 49:6;&nbsp;<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Rachi sur Gen\u00e8se 19:5.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a9 Copyright, tous droits r\u00e9serv\u00e9s. Si vous avez appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 cet article, nous vous encourageons \u00e0 le diffuser.<br><br>Nos blogs peuvent contenir du texte, des citations, des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences ou des liens qui comprennent des \u00e9l\u00e9ments prot\u00e9g\u00e9s par le droit d'auteur de <a href=\"https:\/\/mechon-mamre.org\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mechon-Mamre.org<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/aish.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Aish.com<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sefaria.org\/texts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sefaria.org<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chabad.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Chabad.org<\/a>et\/ou <a href=\"https:\/\/asknoah.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">AskNoah.org<\/a>que nous utilisons conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 leurs politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u05d1\u05e1&#8221;\u05d3 A THOUGHT ABOUT&nbsp;PARSHAT&nbsp;VAYERA 5786 Lessons from Sodom and Gomorrah The Question from Genesis 18:17 In Genesis 18:17, we read: 17&nbsp;And the L-RD said: &#8216;Shall I hide from Abraham that which I am doing; \u05d9\u05d6&nbsp;&nbsp;\u05d5\u05b7\u05d3&#8217;, \u05d0\u05b8\u05de\u05b8\u05e8:&nbsp; \u05d4\u05b7\u05de\u05b0\u05db\u05b7\u05e1\u05b6\u05bc\u05d4 \u05d0\u05b2\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9 \u05de\u05b5\u05d0\u05b7\u05d1\u05b0\u05e8\u05b8\u05d4\u05b8\u05dd, \u05d0\u05b2\u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05e8 \u05d0\u05b2\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9 \u05e2\u05b9\u05e9\u05b6\u05c2\u05d4. This marks the beginning of the story of Sodom and Gomorrah. G-d announces [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23630,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"[]"},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23629","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-thought-about-the-parshah"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>SHOULD NOAHIDES GIVE TZEDAKAH? - Sukkat Shalom B&#039;nei Noach<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"By giving tzedakah, Noahides contribute to a world in which G-d desires to dwell and prepare the world for refinement by Jews.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sukkatshalom-bneinoach.com\/fr\/should-noahides-give-tzedakah\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SHOULD NOAHIDES GIVE TZEDAKAH? 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