בס"ד

In the end of the Book of Ecclesiastes (Kohelet) it is written:

“The sum of the matter, when all has been heard: Fear G-d and keep His commandments, for this is the whole duty of man.” (Ecclesiastes 12:13).

The verse that concludes the Book of Ecclesiastes, is the final conclusion and essence of King Solomon’s entire philosophical journey and search documented in the book.

“Sôf davar” (The sum of the matter) means the final conclusion, the bottom line, after all possibilities and vanities in the world have been examined and weighed (such as wealth, wisdom, pleasures, and pain). When all has been heard/let it all be heard means that now, after all the searching, the clearest and simplest message is that one must listen and heed. There is no need to search for complex philosophies or hidden meanings; the truth is basic and accessible.

“Fear G-d” refers to the inner feeling and the proper relationship with the Creator. This “fear” is not necessarily terror, but awe and reverence—a recognition of the boundless greatness of G-d. This leads to humility, carefulness in one’s actions, and respect for His will. This is the emotional submission. “And keep His commandments” refers to the actual deed—fulfilling the laws and directives given by G-d (whether the 613 Mitzvot for the Jewish people or the Seven Noahide Commandments for the rest of the world). This is the practical manifestation of inner awe. “For this is the whole duty of man” This is the key part that gives meaning to human existence.

The entire destiny and purpose of man in the world. Everything a person does in life—wisdom, study, work—must ultimately converge toward the service of G-d through His awe and the keeping of His commandments. Meaning, the matter of keeping the commandments and fearing G-d pertains to all human beings.

After King Solomon examined all possible ways to achieve happiness he arrives at the conclusion: The only way to find a permanent meaning in life is through connection to the Creator. G-d infinite greatness is way above human understanding, yet He is the ultimate good.

The verse teaches that one should not seek meaning in external status, wealth, or fleeting achievements, but in the basic and fundamental act of recognizing the Creator, revering Him, and fulfilling the ethical and spiritual commands He gave to all mankind (7 Noahide Laws) and to the Jewish people (613 Commandments). This is the intrinsic and eternal essence of human existence.

Door Rabbijn Moshe Bernstein

De Book of Ecclesiastes (Kohelet) is traditionally read during the Jewish festival of Sukkot (the Feast of Tabernacles).




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